Heat treatment of railway rails, along with the chemical composition of the steel, is the most effective means of improving their performance properties. The introduction of oil quenching of rails using furnace heating in the late 1970s, first at the Nizhny Tagil and then at the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plants, nearly doubled their operational life, propelling domestic manufacturers to the forefront of this technology at the time, and the rails produced were among the best in the world. In addition to oil quenching, water, air-water mixtures, and polymer and salt solutions are used for thermal strengthening of rails. Heat treatment is carried out using rolling or special heating (furnace or high-frequency heating).

It is known that Ti-Y alloys, as well as titanium alloys with other rare earth elements, possess high heat resistance. Like bulk materials, Ti-Y alloys are not used due to the low solubility of the components in each other in the solid state. However, the formation of such alloys using concentrated energy flows in a pulsed mode followed by self-quenching allows the formation of alloys with a fine-grained structure and a new level of properties on the surface of a metal substrate.

In metallurgical production, equipment repairs account for a significant portion of production costs, so improving the wear resistance of copper mold walls in continuous casting machines is a pressing issue. As metal moves through the mold, significant abrasive wear occurs in the interface zone, leading to changes in the original mold geometry. After 4 to 8 cycles of use, the copper walls are discarded.

The Institute of Mining and Geosystems (IMG) of the Siberian State Industrial University (SibSIU) was established in February 2011 on the basis of the Mining Faculty, which was formed in 1948. After the reorganization of the institute in 2014, the following departments operate within its structure: geology and geodesy (GiG), open-pit mining (OPM), geotechnology (GT), electromechanics (EM), and mining and industrial ecology and life safety (MEILS). The teams of all departments make a certain contribution to the improvement of the system of training specialists in the mining field, highly qualified specialists, and to the development of mining science.

When developing development workings across the top layer of coal in a single pass through a thick seam, soil heaving often occurs, leading to changes in the shape and cross-sectional area of ​​the workings. This creates problems with the delivery of materials, equipment, and reassembly of the belt conveyor.

The development by the Siberian engineering company OOO SIBKOM of an innovative product – a barrel (shotcrete nozzle) of the second modification SNB-2, described in the work, is aimed at replacing serially produced barrels with new ones, achieving economic, social and environmental effects during shotcreting.

Hammer piston rods often fail during the process. They operate under high dynamic loads, which create a complex stress state in the piston rod due to the simultaneous action of longitudinal compressive forces and bending from an off-center impact, or from loss of stability. If the piston rod fails during the operating stroke, the steam-air hammer piston begins to move uncontrollably upward in the working cylinder. When the separated moving mass impacts the upper end cover of the working cylinder, an impact will inevitably occur, leading to significant additional damage.

In today's climate of limited non-renewable energy resources (coal, oil, gas, etc.), the problem of providing consumers with electricity, heat, hot water, and other amenities is particularly acute. The global political situation also plays a key role. Leading countries act as acceptors in relation to states that possess significant mineral reserves. In this regard, in recent decades, there has been talk of a possible redistribution of resources between developed countries. Therefore, a possible way out of this worsening situation is the use of alternative (renewable) energy sources.

According to the existing classification, low- and medium-capacity boiler units are divided by the type of coolant produced (water or steam). Low- and medium-capacity steam boilers, and therefore low-pressure ones, are further differentiated by design: vertical cylindrical and vertical water-tube. The latter have a steam capacity of 4 to 25 tons/hour and a pressure of up to 1.4 MPa. Hot water boilers are classified as cast iron and steel units. Cast iron units (due to their brittleness) can withstand pressures of up to 0.4 MPa. The outlet water temperature is up to 115°C, and the heating capacity is up to 1.5 Gcal/h. Among steel boilers, one can distinguish hot water boilers with low (comparable in performance to cast iron) and high (up to 20 Gcal/h, with an outlet water temperature of up to 150°C) heating capacity.

A distinctive feature of the Russian climate is its cold and long winters (on almost 40% of its territory). Thus, in the regions located between the 50th and 60th parallels, the average temperature of the coldest month ranges from -8 to -28 °C, and in Western Europe from -4.5 to +2 °C, the duration of the heating season is 200-250 and 100-180 days, respectively. Therefore, fuel and energy costs in Russia are several times higher than similar indicators in Western Europe.

The design institute's industrial safety department received a request to inspect the structures of the coal feeding gallery at the processing plant. The inspection was prompted by the failure of individual elements of the superstructure trusses. Urgent measures were needed to prevent the collapse of two spans.

The natural, climatic, socioeconomic, and ethnic characteristics of the Kemerovo Region are reflected in its architecture and urban planning. Each stage of social development is reflected in the architectural and urban planning culture of Siberia, which is represented by a synthesis of historical and architectural sites, mass housing construction, their connection to the natural landscape, the customs and traditions of the inhabitants, and specific types of settlements. It is essential to understand the processes of settlement development over centuries, the successive formation of their structure and image in the changing conditions of socio-political and economic life.

The public building surveyed in this work is located in a built-up area of ​​the city of Novokuznetsk. According to SNiP 23-01-99* “Construction Climatology”, the site belongs to the climatic subregion.

The presence of fossil carpoflora, mollusks, and ostracods in lake sediments of the Altai Mountains was previously established in the low- and mid-mountain belts up to absolute elevations of 1750–1815 m. This allowed for increased reliability in determining the relative age of the host sediments and paleogeographic reconstructions. Until recently, at elevations above 2100 m, only fossil carpoflora from sediments in the upper reaches of the Chulyshman basin in the Bogoyash River valley was known.

The main treatment scheme for most water treatment plants in the Kemerovo Region is a classic two-stage scheme that includes coagulation, sedimentation, or clarification in a suspended sediment layer, filtration, and chlorine disinfection. However, this treatment scheme often does not match the quality of the water source. For example, the facilities located on the Tom River from Mezhdurechensk to Kemerovo use horizontal sedimentation tanks with flocculation chambers with a suspended sediment layer or a clarification tank with a suspended sediment layer. These facilities are designed to clarify medium-turbid and turbid waters (with a turbidity of more than 50 mg/dm 3 ). This type of water turbidity occurs at the Mezhdurechensk water intake for 5 to 15 days per year, at the Novokuznetsk water intake for 10 to 20 days per year, and never occurs in Prokopyevsk or Kemerovo. As a result, the suspended layer does not form for most of the year, and water does not settle.

In the structure of a modern large city with a population of over 500,000 people and numerous industrial enterprises, it is difficult to find land for construction within the boundaries of already established districts. Most of the industrial giants in Russia were created during the country's industrialization in the 1930s. Entire cities were built around the factories under construction. On land plots located outside the city limits, or on the territories of decaying industrial enterprises, "ghost" territories are formed that only hint at the fact that large-scale production once existed there. Former industrial zones and factories form empty territories in densely developed cities, the city plan of which reveals gaping holes surrounded by established residential areas.

The treatment facilities of the 5th sewer basin of Prokopyevsk are located on the right bank of the Aba River near the meat-packing plant. They receive municipal wastewater from the city's residential districts: Tsentralny, Krasnogorsky, Yasnaya Polyana, and Zenkovsky. They also receive wastewater from the following industrial enterprises: the Dzerzhinsky mine, Elektroprom LLC, and Tekhnologiya MSK LLC.

Architectural graphics in university curricula pursue educational goals. Through graphics, students learn the compositional and artistic principles of architecture, its stylistic features, graphic means, artistic and technical methods and techniques of representation, and visual materials. Graphics are one of the criteria for developing and assessing students' creative abilities.

The textbook is presented on 404 pages and consists of a preface, introduction, 12 chapters, a dictionary of basic terms, a bibliographic list of reference material, and test questions to check the quality of students’ knowledge.