In recent years, electron beam machining (EBM) has become a promising method for transforming the surface layer of metals and alloys without significantly altering the structure and properties of the bulk. This significantly increases the fatigue life of steel. This is largely due to the unique properties of the electron beam as a machining tool—large (up to 10 cm2) electron beam imprints on the treated surface and high (more than 106 W/cm2) power densities. Establishing optimal EBM modes requires knowledge of the patterns and physical mechanisms underlying the formation of the structure and phase states of surface layers under electron beam irradiation.

Thermal microscopy is widely used in research on selecting the chemical composition and designing the desired structure of metallic materials (including welded joints and deposited metal), as well as in predicting the behavior of welded joints under thermal stress, which to a certain extent simulates real technological processes and operating conditions. Specialized setups have been created to solve various scientific and technological problems using thermal microscopy; one of these is the IMASH-20 setup for active tensile testing or tensile testing under constant load. To study the processes of deformation, fracture, and structural changes in metals (cast and deformed), it is recommended to use four types of flat specimens in thermal microscopy setups.

According to modern concepts of physical mesomechanics, the elementary act of plasticity is a translational-rotational vortex, which ensures convective flow of the material under large plastic deformations. An example of such behavior of the material are hydrodynamic flows, for which an analogy with rotational-translational vortices is possible.

Slicing thick seams is fraught with difficulties associated with the high gas content of coal and its susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Gas content requirements for seams planned for underground mining require both pre- and pre-degassing.

The Kuznetsk Alatau is a poorly studied region with respect to Pleistocene-Holocene paleogeography. The fragmentary information that exists consists of descriptions of individual glacial landforms in travelers' reports and works by scientists studying the geology and modern glaciology of the region. The most cited work on the glacial history of the Kuznetsk Alatau is V.P. Burov's article "Kars in the Upper Reaches of the Tom River." Based on this article, L.N. Ivanovsky classified the described kars as "typically nival, repeatedly occupied by glaciers." P.A. Okishev and V.E. Dmitriev are devoted to the Pleistocene glaciation of the Kuznetsk Alatau. They identify the Kuznetsk Alatau as a representative region for identifying the developmental features of ancient glaciation in the Altai-Sayan mountain region, noting that the region's location "should ensure a clear response of landscape components to global climatic changes."

Mechanical engineering cannot advance without developing the theoretical foundations for methods of synthesizing and designing machines. It's natural that new machines replacing obsolete and obsolete ones are more complex in terms of their structure and calculation methods at the design stage. Flat hinge mechanisms are the most widely used in engineering. A wealth of theoretical and practical experience has been accumulated in this area to date.

Commercially pure titanium is widely used only at moderately high temperatures (up to 773 K). Studying the gas corrosion of titanium and its alloys in chlorine-containing environments is important, as various aggressive environments are among the potential uses of titanium. Titanium is believed to be resistant to wet chlorine gas (>0.9% H2O). In dry chlorine at room temperature, titanium corrodes at a rate exceeding 10 g/(m2∙h), and ignition of the metal is possible. There are no data on the gas corrosion of titanium in other chlorine-containing environments.

In recent years, a worsening of problems has been observed in the historic centers of cities in the Kemerovo region and rural municipal districts, among which the following should be highlighted: the unsatisfactory condition of the housing stock, weak infrastructure, a sharp deterioration of the environmental situation, increasing wear and tear of engineering equipment, the state of road transport systems, the presence of degrading and abandoned urban areas. Residents are losing their "small homeland".

The method of mechanochemical processing of solids has long been used in chemistry and chemical engineering for comminution and activation of chemical processes. This method is most often used in solid-phase chemical synthesis; this is due to the fact that classical solid-phase thermal synthesis is typically determined by slow diffusion processes.

One of the most significant coal-producing regions is the Kemerovo Region. In Kuzbass, coal production volumes are increasing annually (1,951 million tons), along with the corresponding waste, much of which is unused and dumped in waste dumps and settling ponds, although modern waste processing technologies can produce high-quality and diverse products (coal briquettes, building bricks, organic fertilizers). The area of ​​land disturbed by the storage of man-made resources exceeds the area of ​​cities.

The transformation of ecosystems, particularly their main components—soil and vegetation—is currently becoming a global issue due to intensive human economic activity. Kuzbass is one of the regions most acutely affected by the environmental crisis, which has affected all aspects of environmental management. Currently, there are more than 40 open-pit coal mining operations in the Kemerovo Region. Their activities have degraded at least 70% of the region's agricultural soil, with approximately 100,000 hectares completely destroyed.

Despite the widespread use of terms such as "product range," "product policy," "product line," and the like in modern banking terminology, the very concept of a banking product remains one of the least studied areas in the theory and practice of banking marketing.

Currently, the problem of accounting, analyzing, and controlling costs at enterprises (cost management) has become significantly more pressing. This issue is relevant because increasing profits and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is now possible with high-quality and lower production costs.

The principles of mechanics are the initial assumptions that reflect the general laws of mechanical phenomena, from which, as consequences, all the equations that determine the motion of a mechanical system (or the conditions of its equilibrium) can be derived. Over the course of the development of mechanics, a number of such principles have been established, each of which can form the foundation of mechanics. These principles are divided into non-variational and variational.

One of the oldest books on architecture was written by the Roman architect Vitruvius, who lived approximately in the first half of the first century BC. His work, "Ten Books on Architecture," is an encyclopedia of urban planning and the culture of Ancient Rome, in which the author systematizes disparate information on architecture and brings together numerous Greek sources.