Oxygen Converter Shop No. 2 at EVRAZ ZSMK is the only shop in the CIS to utilize four-nozzle oxygen tuyeres for oxygen blowing in large-capacity converters (350 t capacity). The blowing mode is determined by the blowing intensity (flow rate of 1200–700 m³/min) and the tip design, which includes Laval nozzles with a critical diameter of 54 mm, positioned circumferentially at an angle of 15º to the vertical tuyere axis. This tuyere design enables the unit to operate under "overblowing" conditions and significantly reduces metal and slag oxidation during the final stage of converter bath blowing, ensuring a carbon concentration in the metal semi-finished product of less than or equal to 0.05%, which positively impacts deoxidizer savings. At the same time, a characteristic feature when using lime-magnesia fluxes in the main period of blowing is the difficulty in forming foamed slag of the required basicity and fluidity with an increased content of magnesium oxides, which helps to reduce the wear of the periclase-carbon lining of the converter.

Composite coatings of the TiC-Mo system exhibit high wear resistance and microhardness. These coatings are currently formed using plasma spraying in air and vacuum. Composite coatings are used in mechanical engineering to protect components subject to increased loads when operating in aggressive environments and at high temperatures, particularly in piston systems of automotive internal combustion engines. However, the structure of these coatings has several drawbacks, such as porosity (which impairs the coating's thermal conductivity) and poor adhesion to the substrate.

Multicomponent alloys based on Ag–Pd–Au–Cu are widely used as dental materials due to their excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. White gold casting alloys, widely used in dentistry, come in two types: hard and extra-hard. The chemical composition of these alloys is shown in the table.

Alloy steel grades 40KhN, 34KhN1M, and 5KhNM are widely used for the manufacture of components and metal products for various purposes. Specifically, structural chromium-nickel alloy steel grade 40KhN is used to manufacture critical, loaded components (axles, shafts, connecting rods, gears, couplings, spindles, bolts, levers, etc.) subject to vibration and dynamic loads. These components require increased strength and toughness. Structural alloy steel grade 34KhN1M is used to manufacture similar, particularly critical, highly loaded components operating at temperatures up to 500°C. Tool die steel grade 5ХНМ is used for the production of dies for steam-air and pneumatic hammers with a falling parts weight of over 3 tons, press dies and dies for high-speed machine stamping during hot deformation of light non-ferrous alloys, and matrix blocks for inserts of horizontal forging machines.

The remains of ancient iron smelting furnaces in the Kuyakhtanar tract (southeastern Altai Mountains) have long been known to historians, geologists, and local historians. They are deservedly included in the list of geological natural monuments of the Altai Republic. Information about them is available in many local history museums in Southern Siberia, for example, the Mining Museum in Zmeinogorsk (Altai Krai). However, a number of questions related to them remain unresolved.

The historical evolution of freight and passenger movement has led to the division and specialization of labor involved in moving goods from their origin to their destination, as well as the need to manage these processes. With the emergence and development of various modes of transport, their changing functional and economic significance, and their increased penetration into various economic sectors, managing freight and passenger movement has become significantly more complex. Mega-global hierarchical systems have emerged, possessing, on the one hand, a conceptual unity of purpose, and on the other, diverse motivating functions and goals at each hierarchical level to ensure the sustainable functioning of the entire system.

The reform of Russian rail transport in accordance with the Program for Structural Reform of Rail Transport in the Russian Federation is in its third and final stage, which primarily involves the development of the rail transport services market.

Before receiving liquid metal, the dried lining of steel casting kettles is heated, which serves two main purposes: reducing the cooling rate of liquid steel due to heat accumulation by the lining, and reducing the intensity of thermal shock experienced by refractories during the casting of the melt. High-temperature heating of the lining to 1100-1200 ºC is the most common method, which is typically achieved using natural gas-heated stands.

The analysis of incidents that occurred at Yuzhno-Kuzbasskaya GRES OJSC was carried out over 11 years: from 2000 to 2010. For comparison, statistics are provided for incidents that occurred at this enterprise over 5 years: from 2006 to 2010 (according to the annual reports of Yuzhno-Kuzbasskaya GRES OJSC and Kuzbassenergo OJSC, respectively).

Further oxidation of lower manganese oxides to MnO2 occurs sequentially: MnO
→ Mn3O4 → Mn2O3 → MnO2. The final stage can be carried out at temperatures below 640 K; at higher temperatures, pyrolusite dissociates to Mn2O3.

The emerging trend toward increasing the share of individual housing construction places particular emphasis on ensuring conditions for the rational use of both the natural properties of soils and foundation structures. Low-load foundations possess a number of specific properties that influence the choice of foundation material, their design features, the technology of groundwork, the possibilities of foundation construction in special geological and hydrogeological conditions, etc.

The surviving buildings and structures from the first half of the 20th century in the Kemerovo Region are of particular significance for the architectural history of Kuzbass. Throughout Kuzbass, all large and medium-sized cities (Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Prokopyevsk) are considered "young" cities, which began to grow in connection with the development of the mining industry and the industrialization of the first five-year plans.

Phthalic anhydride (PA), obtained directly from freeze condensers (crude), contains 3 to 8% impurities, which are byproducts of the naphthalene oxidation reaction to PA and resinous substances formed during the condensation of these products. The main impurities in crude PA are 1,4-naphthaquinone, maleic anhydride, phthalic and benzoic acids, and resinous substances. If the process conditions for contacting the crude phthalic anhydride are not met, a small amount of naphthalene may be present. Next, the crude PA is purified by heat treatment with the addition of oxidizing or condensing agents, followed by distillation of the molten product. Heat treatment and the addition of oxidizing and condensing agents promote the destruction or polymerization of colored impurities present in phthalic anhydride and their conversion into high-carbon resinous products remaining in the distillation residue.

Currently, in the context of increasing competition and economic instability, there is a tendency towards a significant decrease in the efficiency of many leading metal trading companies, including Stroyservis CJSC.

Currently, new requirements arising from innovative processes in society and education are coming to the forefront in the training of scientific and technical personnel. A promising approach to understanding innovation processes is an acmeological analysis of the factors that facilitate and hinder their development. At a technical university, the factors considered primarily include the organization of the educational system in terms of requirements related to self-development, self-realization, self-improvement, and students' educational activities.