Layered structures are currently being intensively studied for use in a number of potential areas: electronic devices, armor and ballistic protection, heat transfer, protective coatings, etc. Over the past two decades, interest in layered metal-intermetallic composites (LMIC) has grown significantly, since intermetallics as a separate class of materials have unique properties (high resistance to oxidation and corrosion, high melting point, high hardness and rigidity)

Composite materials of the molybdenum-copper system have resistance to electrical erosion, an order of magnitude higher compared to the resistance of contact copper. Currently, the physical basis of the electro-explosive spraying (EES) of molybdenum-copper coatings has been developed. A promising direction in the development of EES methods for composite materials is the modification of these coatings by high-intensity electron beams.

Currently, Kuzbass mines are developing highly gas-bearing coal seams with natural methane content of up to 40 m3/t. A situation has arisen in which the productivity of cleaning equipment is limited by production volumes according to the ventilation criterion. In general, the use of an air-gas control system (AGC) makes it possible to maintain the methane concentration at a certain average level; however, periodic bursts of increased methane emissions occur, which lead to gasification of workings and a halt in the extraction process. In this regard, an urgent scientific and practical task arises of identifying patterns of extreme methane emissions in order to predict these emissions and implement preventive measures to ensure the stable operation of the working face.

The relevance of research into the geodynamic activity of the Sheregeshevskoye deposit is due to the recent increase in seismic hazard in the region and the classification of the deposit as dangerous due to rock bursts (decision of the Rock Burst Commission of OJSC Evrazruda dated April 5, 2012).

The results of geodensity modeling, carried out using seismic exploration, gravity exploration and drilling data on the traverse of the Krasnoleninsky arch, revealed within the Rogozhnikovskaya group of deposits a large-scale zone of decompression of the pre-Jurassic rock complex, identified with secondary collectors – reservoirs.

energy efficiency has a global character and is therefore characterized not only by large scale, but also by long- term plans. The definition of a strategy for the implementation of this process should be based on rational planning for a long period not only within the entire country, but also within a particular industry. Of particular interest is the planning of the energy saving process (ES) and energy efficiency improvement (EE) for the public sector. In Russia, the main legislative act regulating ES and EE processes is the Federal Law of November 23, 2009. No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (hereinafter, the "Law"). However, the chronological first in the series of documents on this issue is the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 4, 2008, No. 889, "On Certain Measures to Improve the Energy and Environmental Efficiency of the Russian Economy" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decree"). By Order of the Government of the Russian Federation.

One of the main reasons for the undersupply of thermal energy supplied by the combined heat and power plant to consumers is the excessive (compared to the standard) heat losses in the city heating network. Although at present there is a method for determining the standard heat losses1 through thermal insulation structures, taking into account the material characteristics of the network, the temperature of the coolant and the environment, however, in practice this value is often accepted without sufficient justification within the range of 10 - 15% of the heat supplied from the source for average operating conditions over the heating period. Moreover, data on actual heat losses in different sections of the network, in block networks from various central heating stations, can differ significantly from the standard values, both upwards and downwards, which is associated with the actual state of the thermal insulation of the network, the tightness of the channel structures (penetration of groundwater into them) and a number of other factors.

The first modern automated control system (ACS) for a coal preparation plant (CP) was the system implemented in 2001 at the Antonovskaya CP (Novokuznetsk), which served as a prototype for virtually all subsequent new and reconstructed domestic CPs. The Antonovskaya CP system was developed by the Research Center for Control Systems with the participation of the Sibshakhtostroy United Company [1–5]. Changes in CP automation control systems to date have concerned technical means and basic software with virtually the same methodological, functional, informational, and algorithmic support.

Currently, the solution of various engineering and technical problems in mining production through mathematical models and numerical experiments has become widespread. The development of computing technology and the widespread introduction of digital measurement and data processing tools in mines has significantly increased the efficiency of technological process management and reduced the risk of making erroneous decisions.

Currently, there is a high degree of pressure from metallurgical production on the environment. To regulate environmental pollution with the aim of almost complete protection of human health from harmful emissions into the atmosphere, the introduction of the concept of environmental risk is proposed (this concept has been the basis of US government environmental policy since the 1980s).

Every enterprise in its development must take into account the periodic alternation of the life cycle phases with changing external influences and apply optimal financial decisions in the management of its economic activity in time. The enterprise life cycle includes strategic and current management.

The category of "audit risk" is one of the fundamental aspects of auditing. Conducting an audit is always associated with audit risk, as there is a risk of confirming the reliability of financial statements when they contain material misstatements or recognizing material misstatements when they actually do not exist.

In 2012, the President of the Russian Federation approved the program document for environmental reform in Russia, “Fundamentals of State Policy in the Field of Environmental Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030.” The most important tasks of the state environmental policy were declared to be the development of environmental education and bringing environmental legislation into line with international standards.

The end of the 20th century was marked by a profound restructuring, affecting not only the foundations of modern Western societies but the world as a whole. The most popular conceptual model in the social sciences describing the current state of social development is Anthony Giddens's idea of ​​postmodernity. Entering this period signifies a shift away from the institutions of modernity toward a qualitatively new type of social order. Giddens emphasizes that the term "postmodernity" merely reflects "awareness of this transition, but does not demonstrate that it is actually taking place."

Nikolay Mikhailovich Kulagin was born on November 27, 1939, in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region. After graduating from high school in 1957, he worked as an oxyacetylene torch operator in the pile driver shop of the Kuznetsk Iron and Steel Works. In 1958, he entered the Faculty of Technology of the Siberian Metallurgical Institute (SMI), graduating in 1964 with a degree in Physics of Metals. He began working as a research engineer in SMI's Problems Laboratory. In 1968, he joined the Department of Physical Chemistry and Theory of Metallurgical Processes as a senior laboratory assistant. He later rose through the ranks to assistant, senior lecturer, associate professor, and professor.