STRUCTURAL-PHASE STATES AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH-SPEED STEEL AFTER PULSED ENERGY EFFECTS

Using the methods of modern physical materials science, a comparative analysis of the structure, phase composition and mechanical properties (micro-confirmation) of high-speed steel P18 after magnetic pulse and electron beam treatments was carried out. Magnetic pulse treatment was carried out for annealed steel samples at the MIU 10/30 installation at the value of the magnetic field energy of the inductor 40 kJ and the number of pulses 6, pulse duration 200 microseconds, repetition frequency 20 kHz. Electron beam processing was carried out on samples obtained by plasma arc surfacing and subjected to fourfold high temperature tempering. Electron beam processing mode: electron beam energy density 30 J/cm2, electron beam pulse duration 50 microseconds, number of irradiation pulses 5 pulses, pulse repetition rate 0.3 s^-1. Under the action of a pulsed magnetic field in a surface layer of steel with a thickness of ~ 100 microns, the grinding of carbides from 13.2 microns to 2.9 microns and the formation of small-needle martensite with sizes from 200 to 1 nm, the volume fraction of which is 0.54, was observed. This causes high microhardness values up to 5.7 GPa. Electron beam processing of the released samples also leads to fragmentation of the carbides in the surface layer of 50 microns to the size of 10 – 45 nm and the formation of a cellular submicrostructure with dimensions of 100 – 250 nm. It has been established that the main mechanisms of hardening are the hardening of the martensitic structure in the case of magnetic pulse treatment and the cellular substructure during electron beam treatment. The obtained results can be used to develop combined types of processing that combine a pulsed magnetic field and an electron beam.

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