МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ СТЕКЛА ИЗ ВЫСОКОЭНТРОПИЙНЫХ СПЛАВОВ: СВОЙСТВА, ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Высокоэнтропийные сплавы (ВЭС) – это твердые растворы, содержащие пять или более основных элементов, находящихся в сплаве в равных или почти в равных пропорциях (ат. %). Концепция таких сплавов открывает новые пути для создания необычных металлических материалов с уникальными физическими и механическими свойствами, которые невозможно получить в известных сплавах, в составе которых обычно один основной элемент. В отдельную группу можно выделить металлические стекла (МС) на основе высокоэнтропийных сплавов (МС ВЭС). Металлические стекла – это материал, полученный резкой закалкой ВЭС из жидкого состояния и поэтому такие стекла имеют аморфную стеклоподобную структуру. Основными составляющими элементами МС ВЭС могут быть цирконий, медь, железо, никель, хром, иттрий, церий. Эти материалы весьма перспективны для применения в промышленности из-за их превосходных механических свойств, таких как высокая прочность (близка к теоретической прочности), износостойкость, твердость, исключительные магнитные свойства. Формирование, кристаллизация и кинетика этих материалов являются предметом пристального изучения. Металлические стекла ВЭС более устойчивы, по сравнению с обычными МС, за счет высокой конфигурационной энтропии. В настоящей работе представлен краткий обзор работ отечественных и зарубежных исследователей по различным аспектам металлических стекол. Показано, что изучение свойств МС ВЭС может обеспечить прорыв и новые подходы в формировании и изучении новых систем ВЭС, а также в возможности потенциального применения этих новых материалов.

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