THE EFFECT OF BIOINERT ELECTROEXPLOSIVE COATINGS ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION NEAR THE DENTAL IMPLANT – BONE INTERFACE

In addition to the aggressive internal environment of the human body, the durability of the implant is affected by the adaptive restructuring of the bone tissue, in which the stress concentration is localized inside the implant volume near the border with the bone tissue. This leads to loosening and failure of the implant, despite the fact that, in fact, the surface layer of the implant remains intact. There is evidence that coatings with a low Young’s modulus contribute to a change in the distribution of loads between the implant and adjacent bone tissue, thereby reducing the effect of adaptive restructuring. At present, the method of electroexplosive spraying of coatings of various systems, including bioinert coatings of Ti – Zr and Ti – Nb systems with a low Young’s modulus, is being intensively developed. A 2D model was developed to evaluate the effect of bioinert Ti – Zr and Ti – Nb coatings on stress distribution in COMSOL Multiphysics® version 5.5. In the present work, for the first time, computer simulation of the stress-strain state of bone tissue located near an implant with an electroexplosive coating of the Ti – Zr or Ti – Nb system applied to its surface was carried out. As a result of the simulation, it was found that the stresses propagate more evenly compared to the case without a coating. Among the coatings under study, the greatest effect was achieved when modeling a system with an intermediate layer made of a bioinert coating of the Ti – Zr system. Despite the simplicity of the studied models, it is possible to judge with great confidence the suitability of using electroexplosive bioinert coatings in implants.

1. Chen Q., Thouas G.A. Metallic implant bio-materials // Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 2015. Vol. 87. P. 1–57.

2. Colic K., Sedmak A., Grbovic A., Tatic U., Sedmak S., Djordjevic B. Finite Element Modeling of Hip Implant Static Loading // Procedia Engineering. 2016. Vol. 149. P. 257–262.

3. Sjögren B., Iregren A., Montelius J., Yokel R.A. Aluminum. In: Handbook on the Toxi-cology of Metals. 2015. P. 549–564.

4. Assem F.L., Oskarsson A. Vanadium. In: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. 2015. P. 1347–1367.

5. Darbre P.D. Environmental oestrogens, cos-metics and breast cancer // Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006. Vol. 20. No. 1. P. 121–143.

6. Jaishankar M., Tseten T., Anbalagan N., Mathew B.B., Beeregowda K.N. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals // Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 2014. Vol. 7. No. 2. P. 60–72.

7. Rhoads L.S., Silkworth W.T., Roppolo M.L., Whitingham M.S. Cytotoxicity of nanostruc-tured vanadium oxide on human cells in vitro // Toxicology in Vitro. 2010. Vol. 24. No. 1. P. 292–296.

8. Wagner J.G., Van Dyken S.J., Wierenga J.R., etc. Ozone Exposure Enhances Endotoxin-Induced Mucous Cell Metaplasia in Rat Pulmonary Airways // Toxicological Sciences. 2003. Vol. 74. No. 2. P. 437–446.

9. Bai Y., Deng Y., Zheng Y., etc. Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium–niobium alloy with low Young’s modulus // Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2016. Vol. 59. P. 565–576.

10. Calderon Moreno J.M., Vasilescu E., Drob P., etс. Surface analysis and electrochemical behavior of Ti – 20Zr alloy in simulated physiological fluids // Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2013. Vol. 178. No. 18. P. 1195–1204.

11. Ureña J., Tsipas S., Jiménez-Morales A., Gordo E., etc. In-vitro study of the bioactivity and cytotoxicity response of Ti surfaces modified by Nb and Mo diffusion treatments // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2018. Vol. 335. P. 148–158.

12. Kirmanidou Y., Sidira M., Drosou M.-E., etc. New Ti-alloys and surface modifications to improve the mechanical properties and the biological response to orthopedic and dental implants: A Review // BioMed Research International. 2016. Vol. 2016. Article 2908570.

13. Kuroda D., Niinomi M., Morinaga M., etc. Design and mechanical properties of new β type titanium alloys for implant materials // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 1998. Vol. 243. No. 1-2. P. 244–249.

14. Jin W., Chu P.K. Orthopedic Implants. In: Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. 2017. 15 p.

15. Long M., Rack H.J. Titanium alloys in total joint replacement – a materials science per-spective // Biomaterials. 1998. Vol. 19. No. 18. P. 1621–1639.

16. Li Y., Yang C., Zhao H., etc. New Develop-ments of Ti-based alloys for biomedical applications // Materials. 2014. Vol. 7. No. 3. P. 1709–1800.

17. Denard P.J., Raiss P., Gobezie R., etc. Stress shielding of the humerus in press-fit anatomic shoulder arthroplasty: review and recommendations for evaluation // Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2018. Vol. 27. No. 6. P. 1139–1147.

18. Ivanova A.A., Surmeneva M.A., Shugurov V.V., Koval N.N., etc. Physico-mechanical properties of Ti – Zr coatings fabricated via ion-assisted arc-plasma deposition // Vacuum. 2018. Vol. 149. P. 129–133.

19. Ureña J., Tabares E., Tsipas S., etc. Dry sliding wear behaviour of β-type Ti – Nb and Ti – Mo surfaces designed by diffusion treatments for biomedical applications // Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2018. Vol. 91. P. 335–344.

20. Meijer G.J., Starmans F.J.M., Putter C., etc. The influence of a flexible coating on the bone stress around dental implants // Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 1995. Vol. 22. No. 2. P. 105–111.

21. Romanov D.A., Moskovskii S.V., Martusevich E.A., etc. Structural-phase state of the system “CdO-Ag coating / copper substrate” formed by electroexplosive method // Metalurgija. 2018. Vol. 57. P. 299–302.

22. Romanov D.A., Moskovskii S.V., Sosnin K.V., etc. Effect of electron-beam processing on structure of electroexplosive electroerosion resistant coatings of CuO-Ag system // Materials Research Express. 2019. Vol. 8. No. 6. P. 10.

23. Romanov D.A., Sosnin K.V., Gromov V.E., etc. Titanium-zirconium coatings formed on the titanium implant surface by the electroexplosive method // Materials Letters. 2019. Vol. 242. P. 79–82.

24. Limbert G., van Lierde C., Muraru O.L., etc. Trabecular bone strains around a dental im-plant and associated micromotions – A micro-CT-based three-dimensional finite element study // Journal of Biomechanics. 2010. Vol. 43. No. 7. P. 1251–1261.

25. Zhang Q.-H., Cossey A., Tong J. Stress shielding in bone of a bone-cement interface // Medical Engineering & Physics. 2016. Vol. 38. No. 4. P. 423–426.

26. Chugh T., Ganeshkar S.V., Revankar A.V. etc. Quantitative assessment of interradicular bone density in the maxilla and mandible: implications in clinical orthodontics // Progress in Orthodontics. 2013. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 38.

27. Khan S.N., Warkhedkar R.M., Shyam A.K. Analysis of Hounsfield Unit of Human Bones for Strength Evaluation // Analysis of Hounsfield Unit of Human Bones for Strength Evaluation. Procedia Materials Science. 2014. Vol. 6. P. 512–519.

28. Hasegawa M., Saruta J., Hirota M., etc. A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020. Vol. 21. No. 3. Article 783.

29. Bosshardt D.D., Chappuis V., Buser D. Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions // Periodontology. 2000. Vol. 73. No. 1. P. 22–40.

30. Hayes J.S., Richards R.G. Osseointegration of Permanent and Temporary Orthopedic Implants // Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering. 2019. P. 257–269.