The validity of attributing a quantum of angular momentum to any multiparticle quantum system, including a Cooper pair of electrons, has been verified. The latter are formed in conductors with a short free path of electrons and are not formed in conductors with a long free path of electrons (to clarify the wording – avoid repetitions). A Cooper pair of electrons is obtained as a result of pair correlation due to electron-phonon attraction between electrons exceeding Coulomb repulsion (phonons arise when the crystal lattice vibrates). The assignment of the Cooper pair of electrons to the quantum of angular momentum l occurred exclusively when determining the  quantum of the magnetic flux. If there are not one, but two electrons (correlated Cooper or uncorrelated), and given that the magnetic flux is additive, the total flux will be four times greater than is commonly assumed Microscopic Theory of BCS Superconductivity (Bardeen theory ‒ Cooper‒Schrieffer) satisfies only paired correlations of electrons, however, there are no contraindications for the occurrence of multiparticle correlations. In this case, the quantum of the magnetic flux will decrease indefinitely. The angular momentum is an additive quantity. This means that the angular momentum quantum l, attributed to a multiparticle quantum system, must be shared between the particles of the system. Therefore, each particle will have a moment of momentum less than a quantum, which is unacceptable. Endowing a Cooper pair of electrons with a quantum of angular momentum l is illegal. The angular momentum quantum l can be attributed to only one quantum particle, and cannot be attributed to a quantum set of particles. The quantum of the magnetic flux is exclusively the quantum of F. London. 

In this work, magnetic-pulse treatment (MPT) of a ring sample of P6M5 steel was carried out. The results of X-ray structural and X-ray phase analysis of the studied samples indicate that the main phase of the studied material before and after magnetic-pulse action is the α-phase of Fe. In the initial state, the concentration of carbon in the α-phase is 0,040 %. After magnetic-pulse treatment, the carbon concentration is 0,082 %, and thus a solid solution supersaturated with carbon is formed. During magnetic-pulse treatment, the size of the coherent scattering regions (CSR) of the α-phase decreases by 2,1 times and of the γ-phase by 1,5 times. In the α-phase, the value of microdistortions of the crystal lattice of the phases (Δd/d) increases by ten times, in the γ-phase it decreases by 1,6 times. During the study of the etched section using scanning electron microscopy methods, it was shown that the carbide inclusions have a globular shape and are located in the volume of the steel in a chaotic manner. Using micro-X-ray spectral analysis methods, it was established that, regardless of the location of analysis, these inclusions are enriched with atoms of tungsten, molybdenum and iron and may be carbides of complex composition of the Mе₆C type. 

Aluminum matrix composite materials (AMCM) combine a set of properties of a matrix alloy and a reinforcing filler, which attracts great interest from researchers. For their manufacture, it is most advisable to use liquid-phase methods, a special place among which is occupied by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), which allows to produce ultrafine reinforcing phases directly in the melt from the initial micron-sized elemental powders and exclude the purchase of expensive highly dispersed powders, as well as reduce energy consumption and time to obtain the finished product. Using this method, it is possible to synthesize the ceramic phase of TiC with particle sizes from 100 nm, not only in the melt of technical aluminum, but also in the presence of alloying elements. This technology opens up great opportunities for improving the complex properties of existing industrial aluminum alloys and is especially attractive for alloys of the Al-Si system, which are widely in demand, but do not differ in high mechanical characteristics. The presented paper presents the results of a study on the effect of silicon in the matrix alloy AK10M2H on the stability of the TiC phase formed in its melt by the SHS method. 

The results of a literary and analytical review of works related to the clustering process in liquids (formation of stable groups of molecules (clusters)) are presented. under the influence of intermolecular forces). The liquids under consideration can be called nanostructured. The cluster model plays an important role in describing the physical and microstructural properties of liquids, including heat capacity, viscosity, and compressibility. Clusters can significantly affect processes in liquids, especially near critical points. The theoretical aspects of the cluster model, its research methods and practical application in various fields of science and technology are considered. One of the key areas of research is to study the influence of external factors (electric and magnetic fields, temperature, pressure, and others) on the formation and development of clusters in liquids. These impacts significantly change their structure, size, and time characteristics. Studies have shown that alternating electric fields can cause dynamic fluctuations in cluster density, which affects their optical and dielectric properties. The results of such experiments open up broad prospects for creating liquids with controlled characteristics (electrically conductive or magnetic liquids). These materials are used in new generation devices, for example, in smart control systems or adaptive optics.

The structural-phase states and defect substructure of transition zone of plasma surfacing with non-current flux-cored wire in the nitrogen medium of R2M9 high-speed steel on the substrate of medium-carbon steel 30HGSA in the initial state, after high-temperature tempering and electron beam treatment were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The formed deposited layer with a thickness of ~5 mm has a frame-type carbide structure, which is not fractured during subsequent tempering and pulsed electron beams irradiation. Regardless of the state of the studied material, a martensitic structure with retained austenite, located along the boundaries of martensite plates and in the form of individual grains of submicron sizes, is formed in the “deposited layer – substrate” transition zone. Nanosized particles of the carbide phase of various morphologies (plates, globules, spheres), located along the grain boundaries of martensite crystals and austenite layers, were identified in the transition zone. Carbides Fe₃C, V₂C, W₂C, CrC, Cr₃₂C₂, Cr₇C₃, MoC, Mo₂C, as well as carbides such as Fe₃W₃C and Fe₆W₆C, the elemental composition of which is determined by the complex composition of the surfacing, were identified. Irradiation of the transition zone with a pulsed electron beam leads to high-speed hardening of the material with the formation of martensite structure of predominantly lamellar morphology. In the volume of martensite plates, particles of chromium carbide of composition CrC were detected.

Welded joints of heat-resistant nickel alloys are produced by various methods, the most promising are those using concentrated energy flows, including laser and electron beam welding. In this paper, electron beam welding of chromium-nickel precipitation hardening heat-resistant alloy EP718 (CrNi45WMoTiAlBP-ID) is considered. In the work, welds were obtained in welding modes with a constant beam travel speed over the sample surface and different beam currents while ensuring complete sample penetration. Before the study, the samples were heat treated (quenching + aging). Their microstructure, mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, relative elongation and contraction, impact toughness) were studied; the effect of thickened grain boundaries in the heat-affected zone of welds on the durability of a permanent joint was studied. In welding modes with linear energy of 2.25 and 2.33 kJ/mm, the presence of thickened grain boundaries was revealed in the microstructure of all samples; with linear energy of 2.44 kJ/mm, samples were obtained both with thickened grain boundaries and without them. The thickened grain boundaries in the HAZ have a width of 3 ‒ 7 μm. During endurance testing of the samples, their destruction in both cases occurred both along the weld and along the HAZ. An assumption has been made about the mechanism of occurrence of grain boundary thickenings in the HAZ. Based on the test results, it has been revealed that grain boundary thickenings up to 4 μm wide do not affect the fatigue strength of welded joints. The presence of grain boundary thickenings more than 5 μm wide reduces the strength of the weld of the heat-resistant precipitation-hardening alloy EP718; they are stress concentrators and can lead to further cracking under real loading conditions.

Coal tar is a residue of coal tar distillation, which is widely used as a binder in the production of electrodes and anode paste. Of particular interest is the production of pitch carbonates with a maximum yield value for the development of a highly efficient technology. The paper shows the effect of heat treatment of a category B electrode pitch on the yield of carbonizate. Using the example of category C pitch, it is shown that thermal oxidation increases the yield of carbonates of high-melting and high-temperature pitches. The addition of inclusions of high-melting and high-temperature pitches of category С to the mass of pitch of category В increases the yield of its carbonizate. For example, the introduction of a high-temperature pitch additive (softening temperature T_sp = 148 °C, mass fraction of the additive ω = 31.8 %) into a category B electrode pitch reduces the yield of volatile substances and increases the yield of carbonate from 50.8 to 54.0 %.For example, the introduction of a category B electrode pitch, 31.8 % in the form of a high-temperature pitch (T_sp = 148 °C), reduces the yield of volatile substances and increases the yield of carbonizate from 50,8 % to 54,0 %. The introduction of the same amount of high-melting pitch additive (T_sp = 202 °C) increases the yield of carbonizate by 10 %. In both cases, the yield of volatile substances decreases. The results on the effect of heat treatment of the electrode pitch of category B on the yield of carbonizate are shown. The dependences of the yield of carbonizate on the temperature of heat treatment are established. It was shown for the first time that heat treatment of a category B electrode pitch at 350 °C increases the yield of carbonizate by 7 %. The dependence of the yield of carbonizate on the yield of volatile substances for pitches after heat treatment was obtained. It is shown that when heated to 300 °C, the yield of carbonizate does not depend on a decrease in the yield of volatile substances of the initial pitch.

The influence of low‑energy high‑current electron beam (LEHCEB) treatment on the structure and properties of ceramic-like coatings based on diatomite with the addition of zirconium or titanium oxide particles was investigated. The bioresorbable Mg alloy MA2-1hp was used as the substrate material. For coating application, the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was used. Diatomite, an organogenic material based on silicon oxide (SiO₂) consisting of the shells of unicellular diatom algae, was used as the main substance for synthesizing the coatings. The surface of the synthesized coatings was subjected to pulsed electron beam irradiation with different energy densities: 2.5, 5 and 7.5 J/cm². The obtained coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry, scratch testing and potentiodynamic polarization. The internal structure and surface morphology, phase and elemental compositions, as well as adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of the treated coatings were studied. As a result of irradiation, the surface of the coatings underwent significant changes, forming a unique morphology characterized by smooth elevations and porous depressions. It was found that surface treatment of coatings with ZrO₂ particles contributed to the increase of their adhesion strength and corrosion resistance, since the critical load increased from 9.5 (for the original coating) to 18 N (for the coating subjected to LEHCEB-treatment with an energy density of 7.5 J/cm²), and the corrosion current density decreased from 7.53 ∙ 10^‒7 to 1.12 ∙ 10^‒8 A/cm². For coatings with TiO₂ particles, the opposite dependence was observed after LEHCEB treatment, the strength and corrosion properties deteriorated, which is related to the different thermophysical properties of zirconium and titanium oxides.

Aluminum is one of the most common alloying elements for zinc melt. Alloys with a content of 1 ‒ 20 % Al exhibit high formability, ductility, and corrosion resistance. It is known that in the presence of aluminum, Fe ‒ Al intermetallides are formed at the interface between molten zinc and an iron substrate, which play the role of a diffusion barrier, controlling the reaction between iron and molten zinc, providing a lower coating thickness compared to traditional zinc coatings. The effect of temperature, exposure time, and chemical composition of steel on the structure and phase composition of zinc-aluminum coatings has not been sufficiently studied. A study of the microstructure and phase composition of coatings obtained in a Zn + 7 % Al melt at a temperature of                  420 – 520 °C with a holding time of up to 8 minutes on steels of various compositions was carried out. It was found that the exposure time in the melt does not affect the thickness of the coating. The latter does not depend on the steel grade, therefore, Zn + 7 % Al coatings are non-reactive with respect to silicon contained in steel. It is shown that the coating thickness is constant in the range of 420 – 460 °C and increases intensively at a melt temperature above 480 °C, which is associated with intensive dissolution of the steel substrate. The microstructure of the coating was studied by electron microscopy at temperatures of 420, 480, and 520 °C. X-ray phase analysis made it possible to establish a change in the phase composition of the coating with increasing melt temperature. The composition of the individual structural components of the coating was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The microhardness of the coating phases was measured.

From the point of view of resource conservation, it is important to improve existing and develop new modifications of converter processes, including technologies with combined purging and liquid-phase recovery elements, which ensure the processing of various wastes and save materials while improving technical and economic performance and environmental conditions. The main provisions of processes with liquid-phase recovery of industrial waste involving two-stage oxygen-gas refining of the melt with spatial distribution of technological operations in the volume of the unit are presented. To implement the technology, the converter must have systems for supplying various process gases to the melt, including bottom mixing with inert gas, using two-flow purge and side tuyeres. A high degree of reduction of iron oxides from man-made waste is achieved at the first (reducing) stage. At this stage, iron-containing waste and carbon-containing materials (reducing agents) are added to the cast iron poured into the unit. A theoretical analysis of the process made it possible to identify the main interacting phases and the zones (surfaces) of their contact. Thermodynamic and kinetic patterns of liquid-phase reduction reactions are described. The rate of the oxidation‒reduction process is proposed to be considered as the total rate of oxidation of iron in liquid cast iron with gaseous oxygen and reduction of iron oxides with silicon, phosphorus and carbon. The main parameters influencing the speed and completeness of the iron oxide reduction process of the processed waste by impurity elements of liquid cast iron, as well as an additional carbon-containing reducing agent, are determined. A mathematical model describing the interaction of phases is proposed, the use of which makes it possible to purposefully influence kinetic factors depending on the current thermodynamic conditions and the tasks being solved.

The Institute of Sustainable Development Technologies celebrates its 30th anniversary. Over the years, he has worked his way up from the Faculty of Economics, the Institute of Economics and Management to the Institute of Sustainable Development Technologies. Economic education began in 1943 with the creation of a specialized department that taught economic disciplines to technical specialties. In 1964, the training of economic personnel began in the specialty “Economics and Organization of Industrial Production.” In 1995, by decision of the Academic Council, the Faculty of Economics was created. In 2010, the Faculty of Economics acquired the status of the Institute of Economics and Management. In 2024, by decision of the university’s academic council, the Institute of Economics and Management was renamed the Institute of Sustainable Development Technologies.

 The article reflects the results of an express analysis of tourism development in the Kemerovo region in the period from 2015 to 2024. Based on the use of comparison methods, vertical and horizontal analysis, dialectical approach, generalization and systematization of an inordinate set of statistical indicators, the dynamics of regional tourism development was assessed in the context of the strategy implemented in the region and ensuring the sustainable development of the regional economy. The data is taken from open sources, including official ones. The analysis is not complete, but it gives an objective idea of the direction of the vector of strategic development of the tourism industry in the region, the results achieved and the main trends in the regional economy. The unavoidable costs of the analysis were not all relevant statistical indicators, due to the lack of official statistical data on regional statistics for 2024, and on individual indicators for 2023, however, in general, this does not distort the main results of the study. The choice of the period 2014-2023 for the study is due to the necessary sufficiency and objectivity, corresponds to the period of implementation of the Strategy for the development of tourism in the Kemerovo region, adopted in 2013, and reflects the significant stages of development of Kuzbass and the country as a whole: 2014 ‒ 2017 – the stage of economic stagnation; 2017 ‒ 2018 – a short period of economic growth; 2019 – economic slowdown; 2020 is a crisis period caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic; 2021 is a period of economic recovery, and 2022 ‒ 2024 is a period of sanctions restrictions.

Within the framework of the global agenda, ensuring sustainable development is becoming relevant for modern society, which involves creating conditions for economic progress and improving the quality of life of the population. In the context of the sustainable development of the regions of the Russian Federation, the key concept is a dynamic transformation aimed at achieving harmony between economic, social and environmental components. At the same time, the industrial sector, which is the backbone of the Russian economy, plays a fundamental role in achieving this goal. The research is based on the hypothesis that the integration of advanced environmental, social and management practices can dramatically improve the sustainability of the development of domestic industry. The practical aspects of modern technologies for the sustainable development of industrial enterprises are considered; the "bottlenecks" that hinder movement in this direction are identified. The analysis of the international experience of sustainable development in the industrial sector has allowed us to identify the best approaches and practices that can be adapted to Russian conditions. The study identified domestic leaders in the field of environmental and social practices, and their experience serves as an example and a source of valuable recommendations. Based on the results of the conducted scientific research, the key steps that can be implemented by enterprises of the industrial sector to increase sustainability and competitiveness are outlined. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the sustainable development of Russian industry is not only an important goal, but also a strategic necessity. It is capable of ensuring long-term economic growth, social stability and environmental conservation. The study creates the basis for further study of effective directions for ensuring the sustainability of Russian industrial enterprises, paving the way for the formation of a more stable and competitive economy.