vsgiuВестник Сибирского государственного индустриального университетаBulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University2304 - 44972307-1710Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет"10.57070/2304-4497-2026-2(56)-38-49vsgiu-950Research ArticleРаздел 2. Металлургия и материаловедениеSection 2. Metallurgy and Materials ScienceОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГРАНИЦ БИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ОБРАЗЦОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СТАЛЕЙ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ТИПА, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ПРОВОЛОЧНЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ЛУЧЕВЫМ АДДИТИВНЫМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМFEATURES OF FORMING BOUNDARIES OF BIMETALLIC SAMPLES BASED ON VARIOUS TYPES OF STEELS PRODUCED BY WIRE ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURINGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-1219ГурьяновДенис АндреевичGurianovDenis A.

научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии аддитивных технологий

researcher at the Laboratory of Local Metallurgy of Additive Technologies

gurianov@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-775XОсиповичКсения СергеевнаOsipovichKseniya S.

научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии аддитивных технологий

research fellow at the Laboratory of Local Metallurgy of Additive Technologies

osipovich_k@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-4908БелослудцеваАнна АлексеевнаBelosludtsevaAnna A.

к.ф.-м.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярного имиджинга и фотоакустики

Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photoacoustics

anna.bel@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-0743ПанфиловАлександр ОлеговичPanfilovAlexander O.

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории структурного дизайна перспективных материалов

Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Structural Design of Advanced Materials

alexpl@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-4385ЧумаевскийАндрей ВалерьевичChumaevskiiAndrei V.

д.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии в аддитивных технологиях

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Local Metallurgy in Additive Technologies

tch7av@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-3656КолубаевЕвгений АлександровичKolubaevEvgenii A.

д.т.н., заведующий лабораторией локальной металлургии в аддитивных технологиях

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory of Local Metallurgy in Additive Technologies

eak@ispms.tsc.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202630062026023849Copyright © Гурьянов Д., Осипович К., Белослудцева А., Панфилов А., Чумаевский А., Колубаев Е., 20262026Гурьянов Д., Осипович К., Белослудцева А., Панфилов А., Чумаевский А., Колубаев Е.Gurianov D., Osipovich K., Belosludtseva A., Panfilov A., Chumaevskii A., Kolubaev E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/950

Представлены результаты исследования особенностей формирования границ сплавления биметаллических образцов, полученных методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства. В качестве исследуемых материалов использовали аустенитную нержавеющую (06Х18Н9Т), ферритно-перлитную (08Г2С) и износостойкую (40Х9С2) стали. Методами растровой электронной микроскопии, энергодисперсионного спектрального анализа и механических испытаний на одноосное статическое растяжение были изучены микроструктура, распределение химических элементов и прочностные характеристики переходных зон. Установлено, что подобранные технологические параметры (скорость подачи проволоки 745 ‒ 1911 мм/мин; количество проволоки на слой 323 ‒ 828 мм; ток электронного луча 69,9 ‒ 26,0 мА) обеспечивают формирование биметаллических переходных зон, несодержащих макроскопических дефектов (трещин или расслоений). Выявлена выраженная структурная и химическая асимметрия, напрямую зависящая от последовательности нанесения слоев. При наплавлении стали марки 08Г2С поверх стали марок 06Х18Н9Т или 40Х9С2 наблюдается резкий скачок химического состава и минимальная взаимная диффузия легирующих элементов (зона диффузии не превышает 10 мкм). Напротив, при формировании аустенитной или износостойкой стали поверх ферритно-перлитной фиксируется значительное взаимное перемешивание расплавов и плавное, градиентное изменение концентрации основных химических элементов. Механические испытания образцов, вырезанных поперек границы структурного перехода, показали, что разрушение происходит в объеме основного металла наименее прочного компонента (сталь марки 08Г2С), минуя саму границу сплавления, что свидетельствует о высокой прочности биметаллического соединения. При продольных испытаниях прочностные показатели граничной зоны занимают промежуточное положение между свойствами исходных материалов. Полученные данные подчеркивают критическую важность учета последовательности формирования слоев при проектировании надежных биметаллических изделий аддитивными методами.

The results of a study of the features of the formation of fusion boundaries of bimetallic samples obtained by the method of wire electron beam additive manufacturing are presented. Austenitic stainless steel (06X18H9T), ferrite-pearlite steel (08G2C) and wear-resistant steel (40X9X2) were used as the studied materials. The microstructure, distribution of chemical elements, and strength characteristics of transition zones were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectral analysis, and mechanical tests for uniaxial static stretching. It was found that the selected technological parameters (wire feed rate 745 ‒ 1911 mm/min; number of wires per layer 323 ‒ 828 mm; electron beam current 69.9 ‒ 26.0 mA) ensure the formation of bimetallic transition zones that do not contain macroscopic defects (cracks or delaminations). A pronounced structural and chemical asymmetry has been revealed, which directly depends on the sequence of application of the layers. When 08G2C grade steel is deposited on top of 06X18N9T or 40X9C2 grade steel, a sharp jump in chemical composition and minimal mutual diffusion of alloying elements are observed (the diffusion zone does not exceed 10 microns). On the contrary, during the formation of austenitic or wear-resistant steel on top of ferrite-pearlite, significant mutual mixing of melts and a smooth, gradient change in the concentration of basic chemical elements are recorded. Mechanical tests of samples cut across the boundary of the structural transition showed that the fracture occurs in the bulk of the base metal of the least durable component (steel grade 08G2C), bypassing the fusion boundary itself, which indicates the high strength of the bimetallic compound. In longitudinal tests, the strength parameters of the boundary zone occupy an intermediate position between the properties of the starting materials. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.