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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsgiu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Сибирского государственного индустриального университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304 - 4497</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-1710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57070/2304-4497-2025-3(53)-104-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsgiu-727</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Раздел 2. Металлургия и материаловедение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Section 2. Metallurgy and Materials Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УСЛОВИЯ ЗАРОЖДЕНИЯ УСТАЛОСТНЫХ ТРЕЩИН В СТАЛИ ПРИ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКИХ НАГРУЗКАХ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ЕЕ ПРОЧНОСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CONDITIONS FOR THE INITIATION OF FATIGUE CRACKS IN STEEL UNDER CYCLIC LOADS, DEPENDING ON ITS STRENGTH</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора по техническим вопросам</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Technical Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vestnicsibgiu@sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7985-5666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темлянцев</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temlyantsev</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., проректор по реализации стратегического проекта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Vice-Rector for Strategic Project Implementation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uchebn_otdel@sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирская горно-металлургическая компания</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Mining and Metallurgical Company</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов В., Темлянцев М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов В., Темлянцев М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov V., Temlyantsev M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/727">https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/727</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведено исследование условий зарождения усталостных трещин в стали при циклических нагрузках в зависимости от ее прочности. При циклической нагрузке наиболее опасными являются напряжения растяжения, которые формируют нормальные растягивающие напряжения в плоскости скольжения дислокаций. Получено соотношение, позволяющее определить условия, при которых наиболее вероятно образование зародышей трещины от дефекта поверхности или от неметаллических включений. Установлено, что влияние неметаллических включений на возможность образования усталостных трещин индивидуально, зависит от морфологии неметаллических включений и их размеров. Крупные высокомодульные неметаллических включений диаметром 5,0 – 7,0 мкм и более могут быть ответственны за образование трещин во всем диапазоне прочностных свойств стали (вплоть от 500 до     2000 МПа). Пластичные низкомодульные алюмосиликатные неметаллические включения с модулем Юнга не более чем у металлической матрицы (200 – 210 ГПа) не вызывают образование трещин во всем диапазоне предела прочности стали. Состояние поверхности (наличие микро- и макродефектов) металлоизделий повышает чувствительность стали к образованию усталостных трещин. Для практического применения разработаны графики, позволяющие спрогнозировать возникновение зародышевой усталостной трещины в зависимости от морфологического типа неметаллических включений, их размеров, состояния поверхности стального образца или металлоизделия и временного сопротивления стали. Представлены рекомендации по организации процесса раскисления стали, обеспечивающего формирование пластичных неметаллических включений с модулем Юнга не более 200 – 210 МПа и минимизирующих влияние на образование усталостных трещин. Полученные результаты имеют наибольший практический интерес для совершенствования технологий производства сталей, изделия (рельсы, рессоры, пружины, торсионные валы, автомобильные оси и т.п.) из которых работают в условиях циклических, знакопеременных нагрузок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, there are various, opposing points of view regarding the influence of non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue strength of steel. A number of studies by domestic and foreign metallurgists and materials scientists note the lack of correlation between the fatigue limit of steel and its total contamination with non-metallic inclusions. At the same time, numerous studies indicate that the presence of non-metallic inclusions has no practical effect on the cyclic fatigue strength of medium-strength steel. However, for steel with σв ≥ 1200 MPa, their negative effect is observed on transverse specimens, and for steel with σв ≥ 1700 MPa, also on longitudinal specimens. This article examines the conditions for fatigue crack initiation in steel under cyclic loads depending on its strength. It is shown that, under cyclic loading, the most dangerous stresses are tensile stresses, which form normal tensile stresses in the dislocation slip plane. A relationship has been obtained that allows one to determine the conditions under which the formation of crack nuclei from a surface defect or from non-metallic inclusions is most likely. It has been established that the influence of non-metallic inclusions on the possibility of fatigue crack formation is individual and depends on the morphology of non-metallic inclusions and their sizes. Large high-modulus non-metallic inclusions with a diameter of 5.0 – 7.0 μm or more can be responsible for the formation of cracks in the entire range of steel strength properties up to 500 to 2000 MPa. Ductile low-modulus aluminosilicate non-metallic inclusions with a Young's modulus no greater than that of the metallic matrix (200 – 210 GPa) do not cause the formation of cracks in the entire range of the ultimate tensile strength of steel. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокопрочная сталь</kwd><kwd>усталостная прочность</kwd><kwd>неметаллические включения</kwd><kwd>исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-strength steel</kwd><kwd>fatigue strength</kwd><kwd>non-metallic inclusions</kwd><kwd>study</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попелюх А.И., Веселов С.В., Мункуева Д.Д., Тимонин В.В., Карпов В.Н. Влияние неметаллических включений на сопротив-ление стали разрушению при многократном динамическом сжатии. 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