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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsgiu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Сибирского государственного индустриального университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304 - 4497</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-1710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsgiu-241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металлургия и материаловедение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Metallurgy and Materials Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВЫХ СОСТОЯНИЙ РЕЛЬСОВ НА РАЗНЫХ ЭТАПАХ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHANGE OF STRUCTURAL-PHASE STATES OF RAILS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF LONG-TERM OPERATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Роман Вадимович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. проф. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>External doctorate student of the Chair of Natural Sciences. Named after Professor V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@kuzmash.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Юрий Федорович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yurii F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м. н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлярова</surname><given-names>Юлия Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyarova</surname><given-names>Yuliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин имени профессора В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctorate student of the Chair of Natural Sciences. Named after Professor V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rubannikova96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксёнова</surname><given-names>Крестина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>Krestina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин имени профессора В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Cand. Sci. Eng., Associate Professor of the Chair of Natural Sciences. Named after Professor V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">19krestik91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормышев</surname><given-names>Василий Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormyshev</surname><given-names>Vasilii E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник УНИ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Cand. Sci. Eng., Senior researcher of the Research department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89239230000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Сильноточной электроники СО РАН</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High-Current Electronics SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецов Р.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Шлярова Ю.А., Аксёнова К.В., Кормышев В.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов Р.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Шлярова Ю.А., Аксёнова К.В., Кормышев В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov R., Ivanov Y., Shlyarova Y., Aksenova K., Kormyshev V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/241">https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/241</self-uri><abstract><p>Методами просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии исследовано изменение структурно-фазовых состояний дифференцированно закаленных 100-м рельсов на различной (до 10 мм) глубине в головке рельсов по центральной оси и по выкружке в исходном состоянии и после разных сроков длительной эксплуатации (пропущенный тоннаж 691,8, 1411 и 1770 млн т брутто). Отмечено значительное преобразование структурно-фазового состояния зерен пластинчатого перлита: происходит разрушение пластин цементита путем их разрезания движущимися дислокациями и путем растворения с выходом углерода из решетки цементита на линии дислокаций, малоугловые и большеугловые границы. Выявлено формирование субзеренной структуры, содержащей наноразмерные частицы цементита, расположенные в стыках и вдоль границ субзерен. Выявлен градиентный характер изменения скалярной и избыточной плотности дислокаций по сечению головки рельсов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Structure-phase state of 100-meter differentially quenched rails at different depth up to 10 mm in rail head along the central axis and fillet symmetry axis in initial state and after different time periods of extreme long-term operation (passed tonnage of 691.8; 1411 and 1770 million. gross tons) has been studied using methods of transmission electron diffraction microscopy. Significant transformation of structural-phase state of lamellar pearlite grains is noted, accompanied by destruction of cementite plates by cutting them with moving dislocations and by dissolving with carbon withdrawal from the cementite lattice at dislocation lines, low-angle and high-angle boundaries. Formation of a subgrain structure containing nanosize cementite particles located at joints and along the boundaries of subgrains was revealed. Gradient character of scalar and excess density of dislocations along the section of the rail head is revealed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>рельсы</kwd><kwd>длительная эксплуатация</kwd><kwd>разрушение</kwd><kwd>дислокации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>rails</kwd><kwd>long-term operation</kwd><kwd>destruction</kwd><kwd>dislocation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanisenko Yu., Maclaren I., Souvage X., Valiev R.Z., Fecht H.J. Shear-induced α→γ transformation in nanoscale Fe–C composite // Acta Materialia. 2006. Vol. 54. P. 1659–1669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanisenko Yu., Maclaren I., Souvage X., Valiev R.Z., Fecht H.J. Shear-induced α→γ transformation in nanoscale Fe–C composite. 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