vsgiuВестник Сибирского государственного индустриального университетаBulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University2304 - 44972307-1710Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет"10.57070/2304-4497-2025-1(51)-72-84vsgiu-19Research ArticleРаздел 2. Металлургия и материаловедениеSection 2. Metallurgy and Materials ScienceМОДИФИКАЦИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ МИКРОДУГОВЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИАТОМИТА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИМПУЛЬСНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ОБЛУЧЕНИЯSURFACE MODIFICATION OF DIATOMITE-BASED MICRO-ARC COATINGS USING PULSED ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATIONhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-3654КашинАлександр ДанииловичKashinAlexander D.

инженер лаборатории физики наноструктурных биокомпозитов

Engineer, Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science

kash@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-6053СедельниковаМария БориcовнаSedelnikovaMaria B.

д.т.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики наноструктурных биокомпозитов

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science

mariyased@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-7418ХимичМаргарита АндреевнаKhimichMargarita A.

научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиоинженерии

Research Associate Laboratory of Nanobioengineering, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science

khimich@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-3765УваркинПавел ВикторовичUvarkinPavel V.

ведущий технолог лаборатории физики наноструктурных биокомпозитов

Lead Tech, Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science

uvarkin@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6504-8193ЛугининНикита АндреевичLugininNikita A.

инженер лаборатории физики наноструктурных биокомпозитов

engineer, Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science

nikishek90@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-271XИвановКонстантин ВениаминовичIvanovSURFACE MODIFICATION OF DIATOMITE-BASED MICRO-ARC COATINGS USING PULSED ELECTRON BEKonstantin V.

д.ф-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории физики консолидации порошковых материалов

Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Physics of Consolidation of Powder Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science

ikv@ispms.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНРоссияSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНRussian FederationSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНRussian FederationSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of ScienceRussian FederationИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНRussian FederationSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНRussian FederationSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАНRussian FederationSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202530032025017284Copyright © Кашин А.Д., Седельникова М.Б., Химич М.А., Уваркин П.В., Лугинин Н.А., Иванов К.В., 20252025Кашин А.Д., Седельникова М.Б., Химич М.А., Уваркин П.В., Лугинин Н.А., Иванов К.В.Kashin A., Sedelnikova M., Khimich M., Uvarkin P., Luginin N., IvanovSURFACE MODIFICATION OF DIATOMITE-BASED MICRO-ARC COATINGS USING PULSED ELECTRON BE K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/19

Рассмотрено влияние обработки низкоэнергетическими сильноточными электронными пучками (НСЭП) на структуру и свойства керамикоподобных покрытий на основе диатомита с добавлением частиц оксидов циркония или титана. В качестве материала подложки использовали биорезорбируемый магниевый сплав МА2‑1пч. Для нанесения покрытий применяли метод микродугового оксидирования (МДО). В качестве основного вещества для синтезирования покрытий использовали диатомит ‒ органогенный материал на основе оксида кремния (SiO2), состоящий из панцирей одноклеточных диатомовых водорослей. Поверхность сформированных покрытий подвергали импульсному воздействию электронного пучка с различной плотностью энергии – 2,5; 5,0 и 7,5 Дж/см2. Полученные покрытия были исследованы с помощью методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ), энергодисперсионной спектроскопии (ЭДС), рентгеновской дифрактометрии, скретч-тестирования и потенциодинамической поляризации. Исследованы внутренняя структура и морфология поверхности, фазовый и элементный составы, а также адгезионная прочность и коррозионная стойкость обработанных покрытий. В результате облучения поверхность покрытий претерпела значительные изменения (сформировалась уникальная морфология, характеризуемая гладкими возвышениями и пористыми углублениями). Установлено, что обработка поверхности покрытий с частицами ZrO2 способствовала повышению их адгезионной прочности и коррозионной стойкости, так как критическая нагрузка увеличилась c 9,5 (для исходного покрытия) до 18 Н (для покрытия, подвергнутого НСЭП-обработке с плотностью энергии  7,5 Дж/см2), а плотность тока коррозии уменьшилась с 7,53 ∙ 10‒7 до 1,12 ∙ 10‒8 А/см2. Для покрытий с частицами оксида TiO2 наблюдалась обратная зависимость: после обработки НСЭП прочностные и коррозионные свойства ухудшались, что связано с различными теплофизическими свойствами оксидов циркония и титана.

The influence of low‑energy high‑current electron beam (LEHCEB) treatment on the structure and properties of ceramic-like coatings based on diatomite with the addition of zirconium or titanium oxide particles was investigated. The bioresorbable Mg alloy MA2-1hp was used as the substrate material. For coating application, the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was used. Diatomite, an organogenic material based on silicon oxide (SiO2) consisting of the shells of unicellular diatom algae, was used as the main substance for synthesizing the coatings. The surface of the synthesized coatings was subjected to pulsed electron beam irradiation with different energy densities: 2.5, 5 and 7.5 J/cm2. The obtained coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry, scratch testing and potentiodynamic polarization. The internal structure and surface morphology, phase and elemental compositions, as well as adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of the treated coatings were studied. As a result of irradiation, the surface of the coatings underwent significant changes, forming a unique morphology characterized by smooth elevations and porous depressions. It was found that surface treatment of coatings with ZrO2 particles contributed to the increase of their adhesion strength and corrosion resistance, since the critical load increased from 9.5 (for the original coating) to 18 N (for the coating subjected to LEHCEB-treatment with an energy density of 7.5 J/cm2), and the corrosion current density decreased from 7.53 ∙ 10‒7 to 1.12 ∙ 10‒8 A/cm2. For coatings with TiO2 particles, the opposite dependence was observed after LEHCEB treatment, the strength and corrosion properties deteriorated, which is related to the different thermophysical properties of zirconium and titanium oxides.

микродуговое оксидированиебиорезорбируемые магниевые имплантатыдиатомитнизкоэнергетические сильноточные электронные пучкимеханические свойствакоррозионная стойкостьmicro-arc oxidationbioresorbable magnesium implantsdiatomitelow-energy high-current electron beamsmechanical propertiescorrosion resistanceReferencesBairagi D., Mandal S. A comprehensive review on biocompatible Mg-based alloys as temporary orthopaedic implants: Current status, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2022;10(3):627–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.09.005Bairagi D., Mandal S. A comprehensive review on biocompatible Mg-based alloys as temporary orthopaedic implants: Current status, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2022;10(3):627–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.09.005Niranjan C.A., Raghavendra T., Rao M.P., Siddaraju C., Gupta M., Jain V. K.S., Aish-warya R. Magnesium alloys as extremely promising alternatives for temporary orthopedic implants-A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2023;11(8):2688‒2718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2023.08.002Niranjan C.A., Raghavendra T., Rao M.P., Siddaraju C., Gupta M., Jain V. K.S., Aish-warya R. Magnesium alloys as extremely promising alternatives for temporary orthopedic implants–A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2023;11(8):2688‒2718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2023.08.002Venkateswarlu B., Sunil B. R., Kumar R. S. Magnesium based alloys and composites: Revolutionized biodegradable temporary implants and strategies to enhance their performance. Materialia. 2023;27:101680.Venkateswarlu B., Sunil B. R., Kumar R. S. Magnesium based alloys and composites: Revolutionized biodegradable temporary implants and strategies to enhance their performance. Materialia. 2023;27:101680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2023.101680https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2023.101680Uppal G., Thakur A., Chauhan A., Bala S. Magnesium based implants for functional bone tissue regeneration–A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2022;10(2):356‒386.Uppal G., Thakur A., Chauhan A., Bala S. Magnesium based implants for functional bone tissue regeneration–A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2022;10(2):356‒386.Shan Z., Xie X., Wu X., Zhuang S., Zhang C. Development of degradable magnesium-based metal implants and their function in promoting bone metabolism (A review). Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. 2022;36:184‒193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2022.09.013Shan Z., Xie X., Wu X., Zhuang S., Zhang C. Development of degradable magnesium-based metal implants and their function in promoting bone metabolism (A review). Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. 2022;36:184‒193.Dong J., Lin T., Shao H., Wang H., Wang X., Song K., Li Q. Advances in degradation behavior of biomedical magnesium alloys: A review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2022;908:164600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164600https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2022.09.013Gonzalez J., Lamaka S. V., Mei D., Scharnagl N., Feyerabend F., Zheludkevich M. L., Willumeit‐Römer R. Mg biodegradation mechanism deduced from the local surface environment under simulated physiological conditions. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2021;10(13):2100053. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100053Dong J., Lin T., Shao H., Wang H., Wang X., Song K., Li Q. Advances in degradation behavior of biomedical magnesium alloys: A review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2022;908:164600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164600Al Alawi A. M., Al Badi A., Al Huraizi A., Falhammar H. Magnesium: The recent re-search and developments. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. 2021;96:193‒218. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.001Gonzalez J., Lamaka S. V., Mei D., Scharnagl N., Feyerabend F., Zheludkevich M. L., Willumeit‐Römer R. Mg biodegradation mechanism deduced from the local surface environment under simulated physiological conditions. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2021;10(13):2100053. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100053Fiorentini D., Cappadone C., Farruggia G., Prata C. Magnesium: biochemistry, nutrition, detection, and social impact of diseases linked to its deficiency. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041136Al Alawi A. M., Al Badi A., Al Huraizi A., Falhammar H. Magnesium: The recent re-search and developments. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. 2021;96:193‒218.Mathew A., Hassan H. W., Korostynska O., Westad F., Mota-Silva E., Menichetti L., Mirtaheri P. In Vivo Analysis of a Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Implant in an Animal Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Sensors. 2023;23(6):3063. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063063https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.001Kawamura N., Nakao Y., Ishikawa R., Tsuchida D., Iijima M. Degradation and bio-compatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloy im-plants in vitro and in vivo: a micro-computed tomography study in rats. Materials. 2020;13(2):473.Fiorentini D., Cappadone C., Farruggia G., Prata C. Magnesium: biochemistry, nutrition, detection, and social impact of diseases linked to its deficiency. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041136https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020473Mathew A., Hassan H. W., Korostynska O., Westad F., Mota-Silva E., Menichetti L., Mirtaheri P. In Vivo Analysis of a Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Implant in an Animal Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Sensors. 2023;23(6):3063.Rogov A.B., Huang Y., Shore D., Matthews A., Yerokhin A. Toward rational design of ceramic coatings generated on valve metals by plasma electrolytic oxidation: The role of cathodic polarization. Ceramics International. 2021;47(24):34137‒34158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.324https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063063Simchen F., Sieber M., Mehner T., Lampke T. Characterisation Method of the Passivation Mechanisms during the pre-discharge Stage of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation indicating the Mode of Action of Fluorides in PEO of Magnesium. Coatings. 2020;10(10):965.Kawamura N., Nakao Y., Ishikawa R., Tsuchida D., Iijima M. Degradation and bio-compatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloy im-plants in vitro and in vivo: a micro-computed tomography study in rats. Materials. 2020;13(2):473.https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100965https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020473Dudareva N.Y., Gallyamova R.F., Deev V.B., Kolomeichenko A.V. Features of Coating Formation by Micro-Arc Oxidation on High-Silicon Aluminum Alloy. Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques. 2022;16(6):1301‒1307.Rogov A.B., Huang Y., Shore D., Matthews A., Yerokhin A. Toward rational design of ceramic coatings generated on valve metals by plasma electrolytic oxidation: The role of cathodic polarization. Ceramics International. 2021;47(24):34137‒34158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.324https://doi.org/10.1134/S1027451022060350Simchen F., Sieber M., Mehner T., Lampke T. Characterisation Method of the Passivation Mechanisms during the pre-discharge Stage of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation indicating the Mode of Action of Fluorides in PEO of Magnesium. Coatings. 2020;10(10):965.Tang H., Wang M., Zhu B., He L. Growth process and dielectric breakdown of micro arc oxidation coating on AZ31 Mg alloy pretreated by alkali treatment. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. 2020;56:156‒163. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205120010244https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100965Bavya Devi K., Nandi S. K., Roy M. Magnesium silicate bioceramics for bone regeneration: a review. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 2019;99:261‒288.Dudareva N.Y., Gallyamova R.F., Deev V.B., Kolomeichenko A.V. Features of Coating Formation by Micro-Arc Oxidation on High-Silicon Aluminum Alloy. Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques. 2022;16(6):1301‒1307.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-019-00119-7https://doi.org/10.1134/S1027451022060350Sedelnikova M., Bakina O., Ugodchikova A., Tolkacheva T., Khimich M., Uvarkin P., Kashin A., Miller A., Egorkin V., Schmidt J., Sharkeev Y. The Role of Microparticles of β-TCP and Wollastonite in the Creation of Biocoatings on Mg0. 8Ca Alloy. Metals. 2022;12(10):1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101647Tang H., Wang M., Zhu B., He L. Growth process and dielectric breakdown of micro arc oxidation coating on AZ31 Mg alloy pretreated by alkali treatment. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. 2020;56:156‒163. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205120010244Zadehnajar P., Mirmusavi M. H., Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S., Bakhsheshi‐Rad H. R., Kar-basi S., RamaKrishna S., Berto F. Recent ad-vances on akermanite calcium‐silicate ceramic for biomedical applications. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2021;18(6):1901‒1920. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.13814Bavya Devi K., Nandi S. K., Roy M. Magnesium silicate bioceramics for bone regeneration: a review. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 2019;99:261‒288Baghdadabad D.M., Baghdadabad A.R.M., Khoei S.M.M. Characterization of bioactive ceramic coatings synthesized by plasma electrolyte oxidation on AZ31 magnesium alloy having different Na2SiO3• 9H2O concentration. Materials Today Communications. 2020;25:101642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101642https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-019-00119-7Kashin A.D, Sedelnikova M.B., Chebodaeva V.V., Uvarkin P.V., Luginin N.A., Dvilis E.S., Kazmi- na O.V., Sharkeev Yu.P., Khlusov I.A., Miller A.A., Bakina O.V. Diatomite-based ceramic biocoating for magnesium implants. Ceramics International. 2022;48(19):28059‒28071.Sedelnikova M., Bakina O., Ugodchikova A., Tolkacheva T., Khimich M., Uvarkin P., Kashin A., Miller A., Egorkin V., Schmidt J., Sharkeev Y. The Role of Microparticles of β-TCP and Wollastonite in the Creation of Biocoatings on Mg0. 8Ca Alloy. Metals. 2022;12(10):1647.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.111https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101647Fattah-alhosseini A., Babaei K., Molaei M. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment of zinc and its alloys: A review. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2020;18:100441.Zadehnajar P., Mirmusavi M. H., Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S., Bakhsheshi‐Rad H. R., Kar-basi S., RamaKrishna S., Berto F. Recent ad-vances on akermanite calcium‐silicate ceramic for biomedical applications. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2021;18(6):1901‒1920. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.13814https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100441Baghdadabad D.M., Baghdadabad A.R.M., Khoei S.M.M. Characterization of bioactive ceramic coatings synthesized by plasma electrolyte oxidation on AZ31 magnesium alloy having different Na2SiO3• 9H2O concentration. Materials Today Communications. 2020;25:101642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101642Zahajská P., Opfergelt S., Fritz S. C., Stadmark J., Conley, D. What is diatomite? Quaternary Research. 2020;96:48‒52.Kashin A.D, Sedelnikova M.B., Chebodaeva V.V., Uvarkin P.V., Luginin N.A., Dvilis E.S., Kazmina O.V., Sharkeev Yu.P., Khlusov I.A., Miller A.A., Bakina O.V. Diatomite-based ceramic biocoating for magnesium implants. Ceramics International. 2022;48(19):28059‒28071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.111https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.14Fattah-alhosseini A., Babaei K., Molaei M. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment of zinc and its alloys: A review. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2020;18:100441.Kashin A.D., Sedelnikova M.B., Uvarkin P.V., Ugodchikova A.V., Luginin N.A., Sharkeev Y.P., Khimich M.A., Bakina O.V. Functionalizing Diatomite-Based Micro-Arc Coatings for Orthopedic Implants: Influence of TiO2 Addition. Biomimetics. 2023;8(3):280.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100441https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8030280Zahajská P., Opfergelt S., Fritz S. C., Stadmark J., Conley, D. What is diatomite? Quaternary Research. 2020;96:48‒52.Ozur G.E., Proskurovskii D. Sources of low-energy high-current electron beams with a plasma anode. Novosibirsk: Izdatel'stvo Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAN, 2018:173. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15372/Sources2018OGEhttps://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.14Rotshtein V.P., Proskurovskii D., Ozur G.E., Ivanov Yu.F. Modification of surface layers of metallic materials by low-energy high-current electron beams. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskoe otdelenie izdatel'stva «Nauka», 2019:348. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.7868/978-5-02-038809-3Kashin A.D., Sedelnikova M.B., Uvarkin P.V., Ugodchikova A.V., Luginin N.A., Sharkeev Y.P., Khimich M.A., Bakina O.V. Functionalizing Diatomite-Based Micro-Arc Coatings for Orthopedic Implants: Influence of TiO2 Addition. Biomimetics. 2023;8(3):280.Sedelnikova M.B., Kashin A.D., Bakina O.V., Uvarkin P.V., Luginin N.A., Sharkeev Y.P., Khimich M.A., Kazmina O.V., Dvilis E.S., Ivanov K.V. Surface Modification of Diatomite-Based Micro-Arc Coatings for Magnesium Implants Using a Low-Energy High-Current Electron Beam Processing Technique. Metals. 2024;14(2):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020248https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8030280Sedelnikova M.B., Kashin A.D., Uvarkin P.V., Tolmachev A.I., Sharkeev Y.P., Ugodchikova A.V., Luginin N.A., Bakina O.V. Porous bio-coatings based on diatomite with incorporated ZrO2 particles for biodegradable magnesium implants. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023;14(5):241. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050241Озур Г.Е., Проскуровский Д. Источники низкоэнергетических сильноточных элек-тронных пучков с плазменным анодом. Новосибирск: Изд-во Сибирского отделения РАН, 2018:173.Озур Г.Е., Проскуровский Д. Источники низкоэнергетических сильноточных элек-тронных пучков с плазменным анодом. Новосибирск: Изд-во Сибирского отделения РАН, 2018:173.https://doi.org/10.15372/Sources2018OGEhttps://doi.org/10.15372/Sources2018OGEРотштейн В.П., Проскуровский Д., Озур Г.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф. Модификация поверхностных слоев металлических материалов низкоэнергетическими сильноточными электронными пучками. Новосибирск: Новосибирское отделение издательства «Наука», 2019:348. https://doi.org/10.7868/978-5-02-038809-3Ротштейн В.П., Проскуровский Д., Озур Г.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф. Модификация поверхностных слоев металлических материалов низкоэнергетическими сильноточными электронными пучками. Новосибирск: Новосибирское отделение издательства «Наука», 2019:348. https://doi.org/10.7868/978-5-02-038809-3Sedelnikova M.B., Kashin A.D., Bakina O.V., Uvarkin P.V., Luginin N.A., Sharkeev Y.P., Khimich M.A., Kazmina O.V., Dvilis E.S., Ivanov K.V. Surface Modification of Diatomite-Based Micro-Arc Coatings for Magnesium Implants Using a Low-Energy High-Current Electron Beam Processing Technique. Metals. 2024;14(2):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020248Sedelnikova M.B., Kashin A.D., Bakina O.V., Uvarkin P.V., Luginin N.A., Sharkeev Y.P., Khimich M.A., Kazmina O.V., Dvilis E.S., Ivanov K.V. Surface Modification of Diatomite-Based Micro-Arc Coatings for Magnesium Implants Using a Low-Energy High-Current Electron Beam Processing Technique. Metals. 2024;14(2):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020248Sedelnikova M.B., Kashin A.D., Uvarkin P.V., Tolmachev A.I., Sharkeev Y.P., Ugodchikova A.V., Luginin N.A., Bakina O.V. Porous biocoatings based on diatomite with incorporated ZrO2 particles for biodegradable magnesium implants. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023;14(5):241. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050241Sedelnikova M.B., Kashin A.D., Uvarkin P.V., Tolmachev A.I., Sharkeev Y.P., Ugodchikova A.V., Luginin N.A., Bakina O.V. Porous biocoatings based on diatomite with incorporated ZrO2 particles for biodegradable magnesium implants. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023;14(5):241. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050241

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.