<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsgiu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Сибирского государственного индустриального университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304 - 4497</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-1710</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57070/2304-4497-2025-1(51)-63-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsgiu-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Раздел 2. Металлургия и материаловедение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Section 2. Metallurgy and Materials Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТEРМИЧЕСКАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ЭЛЕКТРОДНЫХ КАМЕННОУГОЛЬНЫХ ПЕКОВ И  СМЕСЕЙ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HEAT TREATMENT OF ELECTRODE COAL PITCHES AND MIXTURES BASED ON THEM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7776-7440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Родион Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>Rodion Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории термических превращений угля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Researcher at the Laboratory of Thermal Coal Conversions</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kovaleviuhm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-2281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Андрей Павлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>Andrey P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории термических превращений угля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior researcher at the Laboratory of Thermal Coal Conversions</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitinandreyp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр угля и углехимии СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр угля &#13;
и углехимии СО РАН </institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалев Р.Ю., Никитин А.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Р.Ю., Никитин А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalev R., Nikitin A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/18">https://vestnik.sibsiu.ru/jour/article/view/18</self-uri><abstract><p>Каменноугольный пек – остаток разгонки каменноугольной смолы, который имеет широкое применение в качестве связующего при производстве электродов и анодной массы. Особый интерес представляет получение пековых карбонизатов с максимальным значением выхода для разработки высокоэффективной технологии. Показано влияние термической обработки электродного пека категории Б на выход карбонизата. На примере пека категории В показано, что термическое окисление повышает выход карбонизатов высокоплавкого и высокотемпературного пеков, добавление которых в массу пека категории Б повышает выход его карбонизата. Например, введение добавки высокотемпературного пека (температура размягчения Tр = 148 °C, массовая доля добавки ω = 31,8 %) в электродный пек категории Б снижает выход летучих веществ и увеличивает выход карбонизата c 50,8 до 54,0 %. Введение такого же количества добавки высокоплавкого пека (Tр = 202 °С) увеличивает выход карбонизата на 10 %. В обоих случаях выход летучих веществ уменьшается. Показаны результаты по влиянию термической обработки электродного пека категории Б на выход карбонизата. Установлены зависимости выхода карбонизата от температуры термической обработки. Впервые показано, что термическая обработка электродного пека категории Б при температуре 350 °С увеличивает выход карбонизата на 7 %. Получена зависимость выхода карбонизата от выхода летучих веществ для пеков после термической обработки. Показано, что при нагреве до 300 °С выход карбонизата не зависит от уменьшения выхода летучих веществ исходного пека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Coal tar is a residue of coal tar distillation, which is widely used as a binder in the production of electrodes and anode paste. Of particular interest is the production of pitch carbonates with a maximum yield value for the development of a highly efficient technology. The paper shows the effect of heat treatment of a category B electrode pitch on the yield of carbonizate. Using the example of category C pitch, it is shown that thermal oxidation increases the yield of carbonates of high-melting and high-temperature pitches. The addition of inclusions of high-melting and high-temperature pitches of category С to the mass of pitch of category В increases the yield of its carbonizate. For example, the introduction of a high-temperature pitch additive (softening temperature Tsp = 148 °C, mass fraction of the additive ω = 31.8 %) into a category B electrode pitch reduces the yield of volatile substances and increases the yield of carbonate from 50.8 to 54.0 %.For example, the introduction of a category B electrode pitch, 31.8 % in the form of a high-temperature pitch (Tsp = 148 °C), reduces the yield of volatile substances and increases the yield of carbonizate from 50,8 % to 54,0 %. The introduction of the same amount of high-melting pitch additive (Tsp = 202 °C) increases the yield of carbonizate by 10 %. In both cases, the yield of volatile substances decreases. The results on the effect of heat treatment of the electrode pitch of category B on the yield of carbonizate are shown. The dependences of the yield of carbonizate on the temperature of heat treatment are established. It was shown for the first time that heat treatment of a category B electrode pitch at 350 °C increases the yield of carbonizate by 7 %. The dependence of the yield of carbonizate on the yield of volatile substances for pitches after heat treatment was obtained. It is shown that when heated to 300 °C, the yield of carbonizate does not depend on a decrease in the yield of volatile substances of the initial pitch.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электродный пек</kwd><kwd>высокоплавкий пек</kwd><kwd>термическая обработка</kwd><kwd>выход летучих веществ</kwd><kwd>выход карбонизата</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Привалов В.Е., Степаненко М.А. Каменноугольный пек. Москва: Металлургия. 1981:208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Privalov V.E., Stepanenko M.A. Coal pitch. Moscow: Metallurgya, 1981:208. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мальцева Л.Д., Гайсаров М.Г., Мочалов В.В. Исследование свойств пеков и их групповых составляющих. Кокс и химия. 1980;8:33–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltseva L.D., Gaisarov M.G., Mochalov V.V. Investigation of the properties of pitches and their group components. Koks i khimiya. 1980;8:33–36. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юркевич Я., Росиньский С. Углехимия. Москва: Металлургия. 1973:360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yurkevich Ya., Rosinsky S. Coal chemistry. Moscow: Metallurgya, 1973:360. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кекин Н.А., Степан А.А. О данных хроматографического анализа и составе каменноугольных пеков. Кокс и химия. 1986;1:30–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kekin N.A., Stepan A.A. On chromatographic analysis data and composition of coal pitches. Koks i khimiya. 1986;1:30–34. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уткин Ю.А., Янко Э.А., Соловейчик Э.Я., Страхов В.М. Об оценке качества каменноугольного пека как связующего в производстве анодов. Кокс и химия. 2012;9:17–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utkin Yu. A., Yanko E.A., Soloveitchik E.Ya., Strakhov V.M. On the assessment of the quality of coal pitch as a binder in the production of anodes. Koks i khimiya. 2012;9:17–21. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rani S., Kumari K., Kumar P., Sanjay R. Dhakate S.R., Kumari S. Enhancing spinnability and properties of carbon fibers through modification of isotropic coal tar pitch precursor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2024;181:106566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rani S., Kumari K., Kumar P., Sanjay R. Dhakate S.R., Kumari S. Enhancing spinnability and properties of carbon fibers through modification of isotropic coal tar pitch precursor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2024;181:106566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang P.J., Li T.H., Li H., Dang A.L., Yuan L. Effect of coal tar pitch modification on the structure and char yield of pyrolysis epoxy resin carbons. Diamond and Related Materials. 2023;137:110099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2023.110099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang P.J., Li T.H., Li H., Dang A.L., Yuan L. Effect of coal tar pitch modification on the structure and char yield of pyrolysis epoxy resin carbons. Diamond and Related Materials. 2023;137:110099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2023.110099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu S.,Yang T., Song Y., Tian X., Wang C., Ma Z., Wu J., Li Z. Effect of iodine treatment on structural and electrochemical performance of coal tar pitch based carbon materials for sodium ion batteries. Applied Surface Science. 2024;657:159731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu S., Yang T., Song Y., Tian X., Wang C., Ma Z., Wu J., Li Z. Effect of iodine treatment on structural and electrochemical performance of coal tar pitch based carbon materials for sodium ion batteries. Applied Surface Science. 2024;657:159731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S, Wang L., Li X., Xue C. Coal tar pitch derived N-doped mesoporous carbon through «carbonization in air» strategy for high performance supercapacitor electrode. Journal of Alloys and Compounds Available online. 2024:175364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.175364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S, Wang L., Li X., Xue C. Coal tar pitch derived N-doped mesoporous carbon through «carbonization in air» strategy for high performance supercapacitor electrode. Journal of Alloys and Compounds Available online. 2024:175364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.175364.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun W., Sun Q., Lu R. et all. Sodium hypophosphite-assist pyrolysis of coal pitch to synthesis P doped carbon nanosheet anode for ultrafast and long-term cycling sodium-ion batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021;889:161678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161678.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun W., Sun Q., Lu R. et all. Sodium hypo-phosphite-assist pyrolysis of coal pitch to synthesis P doped carbon nanosheet anode for ultrafast and long-term cycling sodium-ion batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021;889:161678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161678.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao J., Zuo X., Long X., Cui Z., Yuan G., Dong Z., Zhang J., Cong Y., Li X. Accelerating the oxidative stabilization of pitch fibers and improving the physical performance of carbon fibers by modifying naphthalene-based mesophase pitch with C9 resin. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2021;154:105009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2020.105009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao J., Zuo X., Long X., Cui Z., Yuan G., Dong Z., Zhang J., Cong Y., Li X. Accelerating the oxidative stabilization of pitch fibers and improving the physical performance of carbon fibers by modifying naphthalene-based mesophase pitch with C9 resin. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2021;154:105009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2020.105009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чистяков A.Н. Кинетика термического и термоокислительного превращения каменноугольного пека. Кокс и химия. 1978;11:38–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chistyakov A.N. Kinetics of thermal and thermo-oxidative pre-rotation of coal tar. Koks i khimiya. 1978;11:38–40. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Р.Ю., Наймушина Т.М., Никитин А.П. Термообработка среднетемпературных электродных каменноугольных пеков. В кн.: Материалы во внешних полях. Труды XII Международного онлайн-симпозиума. Новокузнецк: ИЦ СибГИУ. 2024:88–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalev R.Yu., Naimushina T.M., Nikitin A.P. Heat treatment of medium-temperature electrode coal pitches. In: Materials in external fields. Proceedings of the XII International Online Symposium. Novokuznetsk: Its SibGIU. 2024:88–90. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галигузов А.А., Малахо А.П., Авдеев В.В., Рогозин А.Д. Сравнительные характеристики каменноугольных пеков: качественный анализ, стабильность свойств при хранении и термическая стабильность. Известия вузов. Химия и химическая технология. 2015;5(12):55–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galiguzov A.A., Malakho A.P., Avdeev V.V., Rogozin A.D. Comparative characteristics of coal pitches: qualitative analysis, stability of properties during storage and thermal stability. News of higher educational institutions. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2015;5(12):55–57. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiaojun L., Jian X., Yanqing L., Jie L., Zhao F., Yan S., Yexiang L. Effects of pitches modification on properties of TiB2-C composite cathodes. Magnesium Technology. 2009:1–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiaojun L., Jian X., Yanqing L., Jie L., Zhao F., Yan S., Yexiang L. Effects of pitches modification on properties of TiB2-C composite cathodes. Magnesium Technology.2009:1–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lü X.-J., Xu J., Li J., Lai Y.-Q., Liu Y.-X. Thermal-Treated Pitches as Binders for TiB2/C Composite Cathodes. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. 2012;43:219–227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lü X.-J., Xu J., Li J., Lai Y.-Q., Liu Y.-X. Thermal-Treated Pitches as Binders for TiB2/C Composite Cathodes. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. 2012;43:219–227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0821-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0821-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидоров О.Ф. Современные представления о процессе термоокисления каменноугольных пеков. Часть 1. Механизм взаимодействия кислорода с углеводородами пека. Кокс и химия. 2002;9:35–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorov, O.F. Modern ideas about the process of thermal oxidation of coal pitches. Part 1. The mechanism of interaction of oxygen with pitch hydrocarbons. Koks i khimiya. 2002;9:35–43. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидоров О.Ф. Современные представления о процессе термоокисления каменноугольных пеков. Часть 3. Влияние условий окисления на характер термохимических превращений и структуру пека. Кокс и химия. 2004;6:24–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorov O.F. Modern ideas about the process of thermal oxidation of coal pitches. Part 3. The influence of oxidation conditions on the nature of thermochemical transformations and the structure of pitch. Koks i khimiya. 2004;6:24–30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovalev R.Yu., Gavriljuk O.M., Nikitin A.P., Ismagilov Z.R. Thermal Oxidation of Electrode Coal Pitch. Coke and Chemistry. 2023;66(7):351–354. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X23700941.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalev R.Yu., Gavriljuk O.M., Nikitin A.P., Ismagilov Z.R. Thermal Oxidation of Electrode Coal Pitch. Coke and Chemistry. 2023;66(7):351–354. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X23700941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мочалов В.В. Особенности структуры каменноугольных электродных пеков. В кн.: Сырьевые материалы электродного производства. Москва: НИИграфит. 1986:5–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mochalov V.V. Features of the structure of carboniferous electrode pitches. In: Collection of works. Raw materials of electrode production. Moscow: Niigraphit.1986:5–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choia K.H, Lee S-Y., Hong I., Son S., An J-C., Kim S. Molecular-level investigation of coal-tar pitch treated by air blowing: Revealing the restructure of aromatic compounds via radical reaction. Carbon. 2023;203:377–385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choia K.H, Lee S-Y., Hong I., Son S., An J-C., Kim S. Molecular-level investigation of coal-tar pitch treated by air blowing: Revealing the restructure of aromatic compounds via radical reaction. Carbon. 2023;203:377–385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.11.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.11.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилюк О. М., Ковалев Р.Ю., Исмагилов З.Р. Отработка технологии получения высокотемпературного пека. В кн.: ХимРеактор-25. Сб. тезисов XXV международной конференции по химическим реакторам. Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова СО РАН. 2023:306–307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilyuk O. M., Kovalev R.Yu., Ismagilov Z.R. Development of the technology of high-temperature pitch production. In: Chemreaktor-25: Collection of abstracts of the XXV International Conference on Chemical reactors. G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS. 2023:306–307. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan G., Xue Z., Cui Z., Westwood A., Dong Z., Cong Y., Zhang J., Zhu H., Li X. Constructing the Bridge from Isotropic to Anisotropic Pitches for PreparingPitch-Based Carbon Fibers with Tunable Structures and Properties. ACS Omega. 2020;5(3):21948–21960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan G., Xue Z., Cui Z., Westwood A., Dong Z., Cong Y., Zhang J., Zhu H., Li X. Constructing the Bridge from Isotropic to Anisotropic Pitches for Preparing-Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers with Tunable Structures and Properties. ACS Omega. 2020;5(34):21948–21960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Р.Ю., Наймушина Т.М. Термообработка электродного пека. В кн.: Материалы во внешних полях. Труды XII Международного онлайн-симпозиума. Новокузнецк: ИЦ СибГИУ. 2024:92–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalev R.Yu., Naimushina T.M. Heat treat-ment of electrode pitch. In: Materials in External fields: Proceedings of the XII International Online Symposium. ITs SibGIU, 2024:92–94. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайсаров М.Г., Мальцев Л.Д., Мочалов В.В. О природе α1-фракции пека и ее влиянии на качество углеродистых изделий. Кокс и химия. 1981;10:37–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaisarov M.G., Maltsev L.D., Mochalov V.V. On the nature of the α1-fraction of pitch and its effect on the quality of carbonaceous products. Koks i khimiya. 1981;10:37–39. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Twigg A.N. Relationship between chemical structure and secondary quinoline insoluble formation in electrode binder pitches. Fuel. 1987;66(11):1540–1543. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90015-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Twigg A.N. Relationship between chemical structure and secondary quinoline insoluble for-mation in electrode binder pitches. Fuel. 1987;66(11):1540–1543. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90015-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumari K., Rani S., Kumar P., Prakash S., Dhakate S.R., Kumari S. Study of mesophase pitch based carbon fibers: Structural changes as a function of anisotropic content. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2023;171:105961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumari K., Rani S., Kumar P., Prakash S., Dhakate S.R., Kumari S. Study of mesophase pitch based carbon fibers: Structural changes as a function of anisotropic content. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.2023;171:105961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2023.105961.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2023.105961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lia L., Lina X., Zharga Y., Daib J., Dua D., Wanga Y. Characteristics of the mesophase and needle coke derived from the blended coal tar and biomass tar pitch. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2020;150:104889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lia L., Lina X., Zharga Y., Daib J., Dua D., Wanga Y. Characteristics of the mesophase and needle coke derived from the blended coal tar and biomass tar pitch. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2020;150:104889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montes-Moránab M.A., Crespoa J.L., Youngb R.J., Garcıaa R., Moinelo S.R. Mesophase from a coal tar pitch: a Raman spectroscopy study. Fuel Processing Technology. 2002;77–78: 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00079-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montes-Moránab M.A., Crespoa J.L., Youngb R.J., Garcıaa R., Moinelo S.R. Mesophase from a coal tar pitch: a Raman spectroscopy study. Fuel Processing Technology. 2002;77-78:207–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00079-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis I. Chemistry of carbonization. Carbon. 1982.20:519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(82)90089-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis I. Chemistry of carbonization. Carbon. 1982.20:519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(82)90089-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis I. Chemistry of carbonization. Carbon. 1982.20:519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(82)90089-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
