МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ СТЕКЛА ИЗ ВЫСОКОЭНТРОПИЙНЫХ СПЛАВОВ: СВОЙСТВА, ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57070/2304-4497-2024-2(48)-10-22Ключевые слова:
металлические стекла, высокоэнтропийные сплавы, использование, свойства, спиннингованиеАннотация
Высокоэнтропийные сплавы (ВЭС) –это твердые растворы, содержащие пять или более основных элементов, находящихся в сплаве в равных или почти в равных пропорциях (ат. %). Концепция таких сплавов открывает новые пути для создания необычных металлических материалов с уникальными физическими и механическими свойствами, которые невозможно получить в известных сплавах, в составе которых обычно один основной элемент. В отдельную группу можно выделить металлические стекла (МС) на основе высокоэнтропийных сплавов (МС ВЭС). Металлические стекла –это материал, полученный резкой закалкой ВЭС из жидкого состояния и поэтому такие стекла имеют аморфную стеклоподобную структуру. Основными составляющими элементами МС ВЭС могут быть цирконий, медь, железо, никель, хром, иттрий, церий. Эти материалы весьма перспективны для применения в промышленности из-за их превосходных механических свойств, таких как высокая прочность (близка к теоретической прочности), износостойкость, твердость, исключительные магнитные свойства. Формирование, кристаллизация и кинетика этих материалов являются предметом пристального изучения. Металлические стекла ВЭС более устойчивы, по сравнению с обычными МС, за счет высокой конфигурационной энтропии. В настоящей работе представлен краткий обзор работ отечественных и зарубежных исследователей по различным аспектам металлических стекол. Показано, что изучение свойств МС ВЭС может обеспечить прорыв и новые подходы в формировании и изучении новых систем ВЭС, а также в возможности потенциального применения этих новых материалов.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Чжан Пэй, Юрий Федорович Иванов, Александр Петрович Семин, Сергей Владимирович Боровский, Виктор Евгеньевич Громов, Виталий Владиславович Шляров
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