МЕТОДЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ФАЗОВЫХ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЙ В БЕЙНИТНЫХ СТАЛЯХ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57070/2304-4497-2023-2(44)-60-71Ключевые слова:
модель фазового поля, JMAK, фазовые превращения, бейнитная сталь, рельсыАннотация
К механическим свойствам и эксплуатационным характеристикам рельсовых сталей предъявляются повышенные требования. В связи с этим разработка новых марок рельсовых сталей на сегодняшний день является актуальной задачей. Бейнитные стали, не содержащие карбидов, являются своего рода потенциальными кандидатами для применения на железных дорогах, благодаря своей более высокой вязкости разрушения, сопротивлению усталости и износостойкости. Процесс термической обработки оказывает существенное влияние на механические свойства бейнитных рельсовых сталей. Решающим фактором, определяющим технологию производства рельсовых сталей, является прогнозирование микроструктуры. Для того, чтобы отойти от метода перебора, необходимо создавать
математические модели охлаждения рельсов, учитывающие химический состав стали. Для моделирования структурно-фазовых превращений в рельсах для неизотермических условий разрабатываются два подхода: Аврами-Колмогорова с учетом правила Шейля и модель фазового поля. Настоящий обзор посвящен современным исследованиям по компьютерному моделированию структурно-фазовых превращений по этим двум подходам. Первый подход был предложен в 30-е годы XX века для изотермических условий, позднее был развит для неизотермического случая в рамках правила Шейля. В настоящее время к этому подходу интерес со стороны исследователей не ослабевает из-за малого времени расчета. Однако описать пространственное распределение фаз и структур этот метод не может, поэтому активно развиваются методы фазового поля, расчеты по которому могут занимать от нескольких часов до нескольких суток. В представленном обзоре проведен анализ указанных подходов, а также продемонстрированы их ограничения.
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